HSCI 20200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Reproductive Toxicity, Chronic Toxicity, Genotoxicity
1 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Essentials of environmental, occupational, and radiological health sciences (hsci 20200) Identify hazards (based on epidemiological and toxicological studies: lab and field observations, dose-response assessment, research data between exposure and absorbed dose, response studies, exposure assessment, field measurements. Epidemiological field studies: epidemiology: human population studies, determine what causes the problems, control the problems, focus on the environmental problems. Toxicity testing: acute toxicity: short-term, high-level exposures. Ed50- effective dose: chronic toxicity: long-term, low dose. Endpoints: tumor development, impacts on kidney, neurologic alterations. A chemical that is very acutely (or chronically) toxic may be nontoxic chronically (or acutely: tiered toxicity testing, risk characterization, 4 steps: Individual risk- times when you (individually) were exposed. Population risk- average exposure in population: risk management, reduce and/or eliminate the exposure, 4 steps: Risk perception and communication- what the population thinks of the exposure and the process of reducing/eliminating the exposure. Risk monitoring- audit the effectiveness of the solution. Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (ddt) used to kills bedbugs and other insects.
