NUR 426 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Opioid Antagonist, Opioid Receptor, Levorphanol
Document Summary
Narcotic agonist: morphine sulfate, methadone, fentanyl, meperidine (demerol, tramadol (ultram) Referred pain often follows a predictable pathway. Opioid receptors: receptors that respond to endorphins and enkephalins, pain blocking, respiratory depression, euphoria, decreased gi activity, pupil constriction and physical dependence. Somatic visceral: neuropathic, pain threshold level od stimulus needed to produce pain, pain tolerance amount of pain that can be endured without interfering with functioning, drug tolerance, physical dependence, addition. Produce analgesia, sedation and a sense of well-being (euphoria) Ex: codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone: actions. Ex: morphine, oxycodone, oyxmorphone, propoxyphene, remifentanil, sufentanil, tramadol. Children: safety and effectiveness not established; dose recommendations established for codeine, fentanyl (not transdermal), hydrocodone, meperidine and morphine. Adults: reassure that additions are unlikely during treatment for acute pain; contraindicated or caution in pregnancy; drugs enter breastmilk; morphine, meperidine, oxymorphone used for analgesia during labor. Oxycodone category b; all other category c.
