KIN-10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Reinforcement
Introduction to Kinesiology
Notes
Joseph Yang
Social Reinforcement
○ Non-tangible, positive or negative, evaluate comments and reactions made by others
Can be presented through
○ A. verbal praise or criticism/sarcasm
○ B. Non-verbal expressions or gestures
○ (positive or critical)
○ you can be saying something, but body says something else
NOTE: B. often overrides A.
Factors which influence the degree to which social reinforces have an impact on learning and
performance – They don’t always enhance it!
Social reinforcement works best when
○ A. It is used on younger participants-teenage more skeptical
○ B. It is used infrequently
○ C. Used to convey info about competence (Getting 85 but got 75 but okay class avg
was 55)
○ D. Administered by significant people of the opposite sex
○ E. Given by unknown or disliked others
○ F. Task being reinforced is simple, well learned, or boring-doing the little things right
that are getting feedback
Implications
○ A. Children- continuous positive social reinforcement gain self-esteem and more
positive perceptions about coach and team
○ B. Periodic use of social reinforcement is important in the development and
maintenance of positive coach/athlete interpersonal relations
○ C. Must be decided to use to improve performance(use sparingly) or to enhance the
social environment(use liberally) or something between
○ D. Any use of positive social reinforcement should:
○ a. Be meaningful or important to the participant
○ b. Be congruent on some performance criteria not just on outcome
○ c. Administered immediately and consistently among all participants
○ d. Given for demonstrating good effort toward target behaviour/skill
○ e. Allow for mistakes in overall performance
○ f. Reward appropriate social and emotional responses
○ g. Used to maintain skill already developed
Distribution of Reinforcement and Punishment for Effective Coaching and Teaching
50% positive reinforcement
45% ignore bad behaviour while suggesting correct
5% punishment.. of intolerable behaviour along with suggestions for alternative behaviour
Document Summary
Non-tangible, positive or negative, evaluate comments and reactions made by others. You can be saying something, but body says something else (positive or critical) Factors which influence the degree to which social reinforces have an impact on learning and performance they don"t always enhance it! It is used on younger participants-teenage more skeptical. C. used to convey info about competence (getting 85 but got 75 but okay class avg was 55) D. administered by significant people of the opposite sex. E. given by unknown or disliked others. F. task being reinforced is simple, well learned, or boring-doing the little things right that are getting feedback. A. children- continuous positive social reinforcement gain self-esteem and more positive perceptions about coach and team. Periodic use of social reinforcement is important in the development and maintenance of positive coach/athlete interpersonal relations. C. must be decided to use to improve performance(use sparingly) or to enhance the social environment(use liberally) or something between.
