MGMT-340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 38: Ingroups And Outgroups, Jonathan Haidt
Document Summary
How do individual values develop: three levels, two stages each. Authority is outside the individual; we acquire our standards from adults. Moral reasoning is based on the threat of punishment and the promise of rewards. Stage 1- punishment/obedience: whatever leads to punishment is the wrong way to behave. Stage 2- rewards: whatever is rewarded is the right way to behave. We begin to internalize the standards of our adult role models. Moral reasoning is based on attitudes and practices of our in-group. We want to (cid:498)avoid blame(cid:499) and (cid:498)receive approval(cid:499) Stage 4- obedience to authority: doing one"s duty, avoiding guilt. Stage 3- good intentions: we want to be seen as good, so we do good things. According to kohlberg, only 10-15% of us get to these stages. Stage 5- social contract and individual rights: we become aware that rules for the greatest good may work against individuals. Issues do not always offer clear courses of action.
