01:512:104 Lecture 7: Chapter 07
13 May 2018
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Chapter 07 - The Jeffersonian Era
1)The Rise of Cultural Nationalism
a)Patterns of Education
i)Republican vision included enlightened citizenry, wanted nationwide system
of free public schools to create educated electorate required by republic
ii)By 1815 no state had a comprehensive public school system, schooling
primary by private institutions open only to those who could pay. Most were
aristocratic in outlook, trained students to become elite. Few schools for poor
iii)Idea of “republican mother” to train new generation could not be ignorant,
late 18thcentury women began to have limited education to make them better
wives and mothers- no professional training
iv)Attempts to educate “noble savages” in white culture and reform tribes,
African Americans very little schooling- literacy rate very small
v)Higher education not public, private contribution + tuition necessary,
students mostly from prosperous, propertied families. Little professional
education
b)Medicine and Science
i)Most doctors learned from established practitioners, struggled w/ introduction
of science and combating superstition. Doctors often used dangerous and
useless treatments.
ii)Medical profession used its new “scientific” method to justify expanding
control to new care- childbirths by doctor and not midwives
c)Cultural Aspirations in the New Nation
i)After Eur independence ppl wanted cultural independence, literary and
artistic achievements to rival those of Europe
ii)Nationalism could be found in early American schoolbooks, Noah Webster
wanted patriot education- American Spelling Book and American Dictionary of
the English Languageestablished national standard of words and usage,
simplified and Americanized system of spelling created
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iii)High literacy rate and large reading public due to wide circulation of
newspapers and political pamphlets. Most printers used cheaper English
material, American writers struggled to create strong native literature
(1)Charles Brockden Brown used novels to voice American themes
(2)Washington Irving wrote American fold tales, fables- Rip Van Winkle
(3)Histories that glorified past- Mercy Otis Warren History of the
Revolution 1805 emphasized heroism, Mason Weems Life of
Washington 1806. History used to instill sense of nationalism
d)Religious Skepticism
i)Revolution detached churches from govt + elevated liberty and reason, by
1790s few members of formal churches, some embraced “deism”
ii)Books and articles attacking religious “superstitions” popular, Thomas
Paine’s The Age of Reason.
iii)Skepticism led to “universalism” + “unitarianism”, @ first within New
England Congregational Church, later separate- rejected predestination,
salvation for all, Jesus only great religious teacher not son of God
iv)Spread of rationalism led to less commitment to organized churches +
denominations considered too formal and traditional, comeback starting 1801
e)The Second Great Awakening
i)Origin 1790s from efforts to fight spread of religious rationalism. Baptists,
Presbyterian, Methodists (founded by John Wesley) successful at combating
New Light dissenters (ppl who made religion more compatible w/ rationalism)
ii)By 1800 awakening that began at Yale had spread throughout country and
to the west, “camp meetings” by evangelical ministers produced religious
frenzy
iii)Second Great Awakening called individuals to readmit God + Christ into
daily life, reject skeptical rationalism. New sects rejected predestination,
combined piety w/ belief of God as active force whose grace achieved thru
faith + works
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iv)Accelerated growth of new sects as opposed to return to established
churches, provided sense of order + social stability to ppl searching for identity
v)Women particularly drawn to revivalism b/c women more numerous in
certain regions, movement of industrial work out of home led to personal and
social strains that religion was used to compensate for
vi)Revival led to rise of black preachers who interpreted religious message of
salvation available to all into right to freedom
vii) Native American dislocation and defeats after Revolution created sense of
crisis and led to Indian religious fervor- missionaries active in south led to
conversion, in North prophet Handsome Lake encouraged Christian
missionaries and restoration of traditional Iroquois culture
2)Stirrings of Industrialism
a)Technology in America
i)America imported technological advances from England. Brit govt attempted
to prevent spread of their tech, but immigrants introduced new machines to
America. Samuel Slater built mill in RI 1790, first factory in America
ii)American inventor Oliver Evans created automated flower mill, Eli Whitney
revolutionized weapons making and
iii)Invented cotton gin in 1793. Growth of textile industry in England created
great demand for cotton, cotton gin allowed for easy separation of cotton seed
from cotton allowed tremendous amount of cotton to be cleaned, new
business led slavery became more important than ever.
iv)In North cotton supply led NE entrepreneurs to create American textile
industry in 1820s/30s- as N became increasingly industrial S more firmly
wedded to agriculture
v)His interchangeable parts for weapons invented during Quasi War w/
France adopted by other manufactures for other complicated products
b)Transportation Innovations
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Document Summary
Most were aristocratic in outlook, trained students to become elite. African americans very little schooling- literacy rate very small v)higher education not public, private contribution + tuition necessary, students mostly from prosperous, propertied families. Little professional education b)medicine and science i)most doctors learned from established practitioners, struggled w/ introduction of science and combating superstition. Revolution 1805 emphasized heroism, mason weems life of. History used to instill sense of nationalism d)religious skepticism i)revolution detached churches from govt + elevated liberty and reason, by. 1790s few members of formal churches, some embraced deism ii)books and articles attacking religious superstitions popular, thomas. Paine"s the age of reason. iii)skepticism led to universalism + unitarianism , @ first within new. Presbyterian, methodists (founded by john wesley) successful at combating. 2)stirrings of industrialism a)technology in america i)america imported technological advances from england. Brit govt attempted to prevent spread of their tech, but immigrants introduced new machines to.
