01:512:104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Sugar Act, Western Settlement, Ammunition Dump
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16 May 2018
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Chapter 06 - From Empire to Independence
The Seven Years War in America
• Colonial leaders met to unite against France and Indians
The Albany Conference of 1754
• Plan of Union
• Indian affairs, western settlement be under authority of a grand council
The Colonial and Indian Interests
• Ohio valley in French hands, British want valley for settlement=conflict
• Indians tried to play French and Brits off
Frontier Warfare
• George Washington forced to surrender his force to the French while
trying to kick them out of the Ohio Valley=retaliation
• Hard to unite the colonies to fight together=ineffective resistance
The Conquest of Canada
• Pitt reversed the war by promising Indians to negotiate=co-operation
and sending in British troops
• England would pay for the war
• Plains of Abraham, Montcalm vs. Wolfe=Quebec falls, Montreal follows
• Treaty of Paris=Brits win
• Brits get Florida and New France, French get Martinique and
Guadeloupe and Spain get New Orleans from France
Indians and Europeans Struggle over the West
• Europeans bought favor from Indian chiefs, but Brits stopped that in
Ohio valley=anger
• Neolim and Pontiac attack Brits to regain land
• Conflict ends in stalemate=Appalachians become border for Indians
• However without French to balance of the status quo Indians grow
weaker and lose more land
The Imperial Crisis of North America
• After Seven Years war Britain begins to reorganization
The Emergence of American Nationalism
• Culture differences, British officers beat their soldiers=discipline
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• Colonial soldiers were lax
• Mutual distrust led to American unity
• Fighting in the Seven Years war allowed colonials to associate with
each other=unity
• Improved infrastructure=better communications
• Newspapers began circulating
• Peter Zenger tried for libel against the state=freedom of speech
Politics, Republicanism, and the Press
• Influenced by Locke and others
• Get rid of aristocracy
• Wanted more power for assembly vs. strong state with king to keep
masses in line
The Sugar Act
• Only affected merchants
• Seven Years war left Britain in debt, attempts to tax people at home
were met with protests=tax the colonists!
• Sugar Acts=tax on sugar
• Bostonians boycotted British products
• Offenders were tried at the Vice Admiralty Court in Halifax which was
hated because mad no presumption of innocence and had no jury trial
The Stamp Act
• Affected everyone unlike the sugar act
• Mad no only cause of tax but because they had no say in the decision
• Rich got richer and poor got poorer= tax hit the poor harder=mob unrest
• Stamp Act Congress, passed a set of resolutions denying Parliaments
right to tax colonists without representation
Repeal of the Stamp Act
• Hurt by the colonial boycott, British merchants persuade Parliament to
repeal the act
• Parliament reserves the right to make all decisions in
colonies=Declaratory Act
Save Your Money and Save Your Country
• Stamp Act mostly affected people in the countryside but acts to come
resulted everyone
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