01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Population Process, Genetic Drift, Gene Flow

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Evolution = change in populations over generations not changes in individuals over their lifetimes individuals do not evolve. Natural selection acts on individuals but only populations evolve. Microevolution = minor evolutionary changes of populations over a few generations = change in allele frequencies in populations over generations. Genetic variations are necessary for evolution to occur. Phenotype = product of inherited genotype + environmental influences. Natural selection can only act on variation with a genetic component. Genetic variation not among individuals in genes or nucleotide sequences. Can be measured as gene variability or as nucleotide variability. Nucleotide variability rarely results in phenotypic variation. Mutation random change in nucleotide sequence of. Only mutations in cells produce gametes passed to. Point mutation = change in one base in a gene and can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral. Delete, disrupt, or rearrange many loci harmful. Duplication of small pieces of dna increases genome size less harmful. Duplicated genes new functions by further.

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