01:119:131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Lytic Cycle, Genetic Engineering, Prophage

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coralmanatee561

20 Apr 2017

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Conjugation- cell to cell contact by conjugation pilus/bridge: a change in an organism"s characteristics because of transfer of genetic information. Naked dna: dna that has been released from an organism after the cell is lysed and dna is no longer incorporated into chromosomes. Competence factor is released into the medium and apparently facilitates the entry of dna into the cell. Not all organisms can be transformed, only one that can are the ones that make these factors (a. 2. a. 1) not all organisms can be transformed, only one that can are the ones that make these factors. Dna transport proteins and dna exonuclease (an enzyme that cuts up. Can"t bring in an entire chromosome, too big: the discovery of transformation: griffith"s experiment with pneumococcal infections in mice (figure 8. 1) Heat killed s type (smooth) with capsule mouse lives. Live, virulent s type with capsule mouse dies. Live, non virulent r type (rough) with capsule mouse lives.

Related Questions

Every year, the viral strains included in vaccinations for the flu are slightly different, based on the prevalence of the strains present the previous year. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the vaccinations and the treatment of viral infections like the flu?

	A.	When someone who is vaccinated encounters the virus they were vaccinated for, antigens are produced triggering destruction of the virus.
	B.	Antibodies are built up in response to viral antigens, making those with vaccines more susceptible to viral infection.
	C.	Viruses mutate quickly due to overuse of antibiotics.
	D.	Vaccinations involve introducing an antigen of a virus into the immune system, which stimulates the production of antibodies.

Recall that HIV is a retrovirus. Based on that, which of the following would NOT be an effective drug target for treatment of HIV?

	A.	Translation inhibitors
	B.	Integrase inhibitors
	C.	Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

The type of horizontal gene transfer that specifically requires a virus to transfer DNA from donor to recipient is called:

	A.	transformation.
	B.	conjugation.
	C.	transduction.
	D.	binary fission.

Binary fission differs from mitosis in that

	A.	binary fission occurs in prokaryotes, and mitosis happens in eukaryotes.
	B.	binary fission does not have a step to duplicate the genetic information, and mitosis does.
	C.	binary fission creates daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, while mitosis introduces genetic variation.
	D.	binary fission does not have a step to separate the parent cell into two daughter cells, and mitosis does.

Bacteria contain ______ in their cell walls, while Archaea contain _____ in their cell walls.

	A.	chitin; peptidoglycan
	B.	peptidoglycan; pseudopeptidoglycan
	C.	pseudopeptidoglycan; peptidoglycan
	D.	peptidoglycan; chitin
	E.	cellulose; chitin

1. Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistancein bacteria is NOT true?

Select one:

a. Antibiotic resistance often originates from the microbes thatproduce antibiotics for their own survival.

b. The antibiotic resistance gene can be transmitted to bacteriavia transformation or transduction.

c. Antibiotic resistance cannot be conferred by conjugation asconjugation only affects the fertility of bacteria.

d. Environments where antibiotics are frequently used such ashospitals are under the higher risk of developing antibioticresistance.

e. The plasmid containing the antibiotic resistance gene canpass the genes to genetically unrelated bacteria.

2. You perform interrupted-mating experiments on three Hfrstrains (A, B, and C). Genes are transferred (from last to first)in the following order from each strain: strain A,thi-his-gal-lac-pro; strain B, azi-leu-thr-thi-his; strain C,lac-gal-his-thi-thr. How are the F factors in these strainsoriented?

Select one:

a. A and B are oriented in the same direction.

b. B and C are oriented in the same direction.

c. All of them are oriented in the same direction.

d. A and C are oriented in the same direction.

e. It cannot be determined from the information given.

3.Which of the following statements about retroviruses isfalse?

Select one:

a. All retroviruses contain gag genes whose product forms theviral protein coat.

b. Not all RNA viruses are retroviruses.

c. All retroviruses contain oncogenes, which can induce theformation of tumors.

d. All retroviruses require pol genes, which are critical forretrotranscription.

e. All retroviral genomes have gag, pol, and env genes.

4. Which of the following facts would NOT be considered as anadvantage for using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies?

Select one:

a. Low cost to maintain and little storage space required

b. Rapid reproduction and high progeny number

c. Genomes being small and readily subjected to geneticmanipulation

d. Complete absence of recombination, which maintains theintegrity of genome

e. Haploid genome for expressing mutations

ceruleanwalrus817

HELP WITH BIO MULTI CHOICE QUESTIONS:

QUESTION 2

Which of the following structures discussed in class is NOT found on all bacteria?
Flagella
Capsid
Fimbria
Plasma membrane

QUESTION 3
You are presented with a strain of bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic penicillin. What steps would you take to confirm that you have a resistant bacterium?
Perform a Gram stain to determine pink stained Gram-positive bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine purple stained Gram-positive bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine pink stained Gram-negative bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine purple stained Gram-negative bacteria.

QUESTION 4
With respect to bacterial growth into a fresh culture tube containing nutrient broth, at which phase do organisms undergo binary fission the most rapidly?
Lag phase
Stationary
Exponential
death

QUESTION 5
How would antibiotic resistance be passed from one bacterium to another bacterium?
Through the flagella via a plasmid.
Through the sex pilus via chromosomal DNA.
Through the sex pilus via a plasmid.
Through the flagella via chromosomal DNA.

QUESTION 6
When an F plasmid integrates into the host chromosome, the strain is referred to as

Hfr.
F'.
F-.
F+.

QUESTION 7
If you remove the peptidoglycan layer from a Gram-positive cell, it would still stain purple with a Gram stain (T/F).
True
False

QUESTION 8
During infection with a bacteriophage, bacterial DNA is packaged into a capsid and will:

be integrated into the genome of a new bacterium upon ligation.
be integrated into the genome of a new virion upon recombination.
be integrated into the genome of a new bacterium upon recombination.
be integrated into the genome of a new virion upon liagation.

QUESTION 9
Which of the following statements best describes most bacteria?
They are generally harmful.
They are limited to living in a few habitats.
They are very common in the environment.
They are responsible for the âcommon cold.â

QUESTION 10
Prokaryotes lack some parts found in eukaryotic cells, including which item?
a nuclear membrane
DNA
one or more chromosomes
a plasma membrane
all of the above

QUESTION 11
With respect to gram negative bacteria, what is the order of the bacterial cell structure from outside to inside?
Thin peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

thick peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

outer membrane, thick peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

QUESTION 12
In transformation, a piece of DNA from a dead host can be taken up by living host

True
False

01:119:131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Lytic Cycle, Genetic Engineering, Prophage

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