01:146:357 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Korotkoff Sounds, Mean Arterial Pressure, Cardiac Output

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Arterial blood pressure changes throughout the cardiac cycle. When the ventricles contract a quantity of blood (stroke volume) is delivered into the arterial system. When the ventricles relax a similar quantity of blood is returned via the large veins/atria into the ventricles (venous return; quantitatively the same as stroke volume). The intermittent ejection into the arteries is accompanied by the constant runof of blood through the microcirculation and capillaries. When the stroke volume is ejected into the arteries there is a sudden increase in pressure (systolic pressure, ps) which slowly declines to a minimum during ventricular relaxation (diastolic pressure, pd). Systolic and diastolic pressures can be measured by inserting a small catheter into an artery and attaching the catheter to a pressure gauge. Such a direct measurement may be accurate, but is invasive and often inconvenient and impractical. This was, in essence, the method by which blood pressure was irst measured by the rev.

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