01:160:162 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Ludwig Boltzmann, Spontaneous Process, Enthalpy

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: 01:160:162
• Professor: B.Langowski

Document Summary

Spontaneous (cid:1543) process that occurs without any ongoing outside intervention. Ball rolling down ramp, glass shattering when hit, spread of thermal e through heated metal bar. Nonspontaneous (cid:1543) process that needs ongoing outside intervention to occur. Does not mean impossible (cid:1543) just means that outside intervention (or e) will be needed for process to occur. For reversible processes (cid:1543) if one process is spontaneous, opposite process must be nonspontaneous (and vice versa) What does spontaneity depend on? (1) enthalpy (h) (cid:1543) Ch4 (g) + 2 o2 (g) (cid:1543) co2 (g) + h2o (g) 4 fe (s) + 3 o2 (g) (cid:1543) 2 fe2o3 (s) Plenty of endothermic processes are also spontaneous: Nac(cid:925) (cid:917)(cid:922)(cid:932)(cid:932)(cid:928)(cid:925)(cid:935)(cid:922)(cid:927)(cid:920) (cid:922)(cid:927) (cid:936)a(cid:933)(cid:918)(cid:931) (cid:857)(cid:936)(cid:921)(cid:918)(cid:931)(cid:918) hsolution is slightly endothermic. **enthalpy has impact but is not the sole criteria of spontaneity (2) entropy (s) (cid:1543) Can be thought of as measurement of disorder or randomness of a system.