14:332:231 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Digital Electronics, Or Gate, And Gate
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18 Jul 2018
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 About Digital Design
● Debugging: be a good troubleshooter
● Business Requirements and Practices: non-engineering factors
● Risk Taking: balance rewards and consequences
● Communication: teamwork
1.2 Analog vs. Digital
●Analog: process time-varying signals that can take on ANY value across a continuous
range of voltage, current, or other metric
●Digital: taking on, at any time, only one of two discrete values (0 or 1) that can be
described as…
○ LOW and HIGH
○ FALSE and TRUE
● Examples of digital used in electronics
○ Video recordings
○ Audio recordings
○ Automobile carburetors
○ Telephone system
○ Traffic lights
○ Movie effects
○ Many of these examples were once analog and now digital
● Reasons to favor digital over analog
○ Reproducibility of results: analog varies on other factors, however digital always
produces the exact same results
○ Ease of design: digital is logic, analog requires special math/insights
○ Flexibility and functionality: digital form simplifies problems to be solved using
logical steps
○ Programmability: digital design is carried out by writing programs in hardware
description languages (HDLs)
○ Speed: digital devices are very fast
○ Economy: digital is low cost, circuits that are used repetitively can be integrated
into a single chip
○ Steadily advancing technology: can make room for better technology in devices
that are digital
1.3 Digital Devices
●Gates: most basic digital device; has one or more inputs and produces an output that is
a function of the current input value(s) using digital discrete values (0 or 1)
○ Called a combinational circuit
○ Depends only on the current combination of input values (called input
combination
)