11:375:101 Lecture 12: Agriculture and Food

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3 major grain crops: wheat, rice, corn. 3 systems produce most of our food. Croplands- 11% of our world"s land area. 80% our food produced is on 25% of total cropland. Yields have doubled since the 1960s, which has decreased the cost of food. Most americans spend less than 10% of their income on food. Most of our history has been this way. Needs a lot of cropland to grow less food. It has come at a huge cost to the environment. Massive piles of seabird guano (poop) mined for fertilizer. Instead of purchasing insecticides/ herbicides, you use understanding of ecology. Human population is increasing and we must be able to feed everyone. Necessary if population trends continue to increase. We need second green revolution to increase grain production. Need to figure out ways to increase yield for grain. Mixed genes at random and select the best results. Manipulate the expression of a gene or change and alter the genome.

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