01:510:261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Public Works Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Civilian Conservation Corps
13 May 2018
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Chapter 21 - The New Deal, 1932–1940
1. First New Deal (the "Hundred Days")
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) and election of 1932
1. Roosevelt background
2. "New deal" promise
1. Vagueness
2. Popular reception
3. Outcome
1. FDR landslide victory over Herbert Hoover
2. Strong Democratic gains in Congress
2. Initial approach to economic crisis
1. New Deal as alternative to socialist, Nazi, and laissez-faire
solutions
2. Lack of initial blueprint
3. Circle of advisors
1. Leading figures
2. Outlooks
1. Roots in Progressive reform
2. Dominant preference for regulated "bigness"
3. FDR inaugural
4. Financial program
1. Initiatives
1. "Bank holiday"
2. Emergency Banking Act
3. Glass-Steagall Act
4. Removal of United States from gold standard
2. Aim: reversal of banking crisis
3. Outcome: rescue of financial system
5. National Recovery Administration (NRA)
1. Elements
1. Business-government cooperation
2. Industry codes for output, prices, working conditions
3. Recognition of labor's right to organize
4. Blue Eagle campaign
2. Aims
1. Restoration of economic vitality, stability
2. Labor-management peace
3. Outcomes
1. Ebbing of public enthusiasm; growth of controversy
2. Corporate domination
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3. Weak enforcement
4. Minimal effectiveness
6. Relief and jobs programs
1. Initiatives
1. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
2. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
3. Public Works Administration (PWA)
4. Civil Works Administration (CWA)
5. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
2. Aims
1. Direct relief for needy (FERA)
2. Public employment (CCC, PWA, CWA, TVA)
3. Improvement of nation's infrastructure (CCC, PWA,
CWA, TVA)
4. Expansion of electric power (TVA)
3. Outcomes
1. Mass participation
2. Widespread relief
3. Emerging opposition
4. Long-term effects
7. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
1. Elements
1. Production quotas
2. Subsidies for removal of land from cultivation
3. Destruction of crops, livestock
2. Aims: revival of farm prices and incomes
3. Outcomes
1. Revival of farm prices and incomes
2. Uneven impact on farmers
1. Gains for landowning farmers
2. Exclusion and displacement of tenants,
sharecroppers
4. Worsening of rural hardship
1. Dust Bowl and mass displacement of farmers
2. John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath
8. Housing program
1. Initiatives
1. Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
2. Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
3. Federal construction of low-rent housing
2. Aims
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1. Protection of homeowners from foreclosure
2. Expanded access to home ownership
3. Inexpensive rental housing
4. New construction
3. Outcomes
1. Preservation or attainment of home ownership for
millions
2. Affirmation of "security of the home" as fundamental
right
9. Further initiatives
1. Repeal of Prohibition
2. Federal Communications Commission
3. Securities and Exchange Commission
10. Overall impact
1. Transformation of role of federal government
2. Scale of relief, public projects
3. Failure to end Depression
11. Gathering Supreme Court assault
1. Invalidation of NRA; Schecter Poultry case
2. Invalidation of AAA; United States v. Butler
2. Grassroots revolt
1. Reawakening of American labor movement
1. Preconditions
1. Encouraging signals from federal government
1. Election of FDR
2. Section 7a of National Industrial Recovery Act
3. Wagner Act
2. Receding of ethnic differences
3. Militant leadership
2. Aspirations
1. Better wages
2. Check on employer power
3. Labor rights
4. Union recognition
3. Labor upheaval of 1934
1. Nationwide wave of strikes
2. Major strikes
1. Toledo auto workers
2. Minneapolis truck drivers
3. San Francisco dockworkers
4. Textile workers (New England to Deep South)
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