01:510:261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Indentured Servant, Newfoundland Colony, Toleration
13 May 2018
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Chapter 02 - American Beginnings, 1607-1650
1. England and the New World
1. Reasons for England's late entry
1. Protracted religious strife
2. Continuing struggle to subdue Ireland
2. Awakening of English attention to North America
1. Early ventures
1. Humphrey Gilbert's failed Newfoundland colony
2. Walter Raleigh's failed Roanoke colony
2. Impetus for North American colonization
1. National rivalry
1. Opposition to (Spanish) Catholicism
2. Spain's attempted invasion of England
3. Desire to match Spanish and French presence
in the New World
2. Sense of divine mission
1. Image of Spanish brutality in the New World
2. England's self-conception as beacon of freedom
3. Material possibilities
1. Prospects for trade-based empire in North
America
2. Solution to English social crisis
3. Chance for laboring classes to attain economic
independence
3. English social crisis of late sixteenth century
1. Roots of
1. Population explosion
2. Rural displacement
2. Elements of
1. Urban overcrowding
2. Falling wages
3. Spread of poverty
4. Social instability
3. Government answers to
1. Punishment of dispossessed
2. Dispatching of dispossessed to the New World
2. Overview of seventeenth-century English settlement in North America
1. Challenges of life in North America
2. Magnitude of English emigration
1. Chesapeake
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2. New England
3. Middle colonies
3. Indentured servitude
1. Similarities to slavery
2. Differences from slavery
4. Significance of access to land
1. As basis of English liberty
2. As lure to settlement
3. As resource for political patronage
4. As source of wealth
5. Englishmen and Indians
1. Displacement of Indians
1. Preference over subjugation or assimilation
2. Limits of constraints on settlers
3. Recurring warfare between colonists and Indians
2. Trading
3. Impact of trade and settlement on Indian life
3. Settling of the Chesapeake
1. Virginia
1. Initial settlement at Jamestown
2. Rocky beginnings
1. High death rate
2. Inadequate supplies
3. Inadequate labor
3. Virginia Company measures to stabilize colony
1. Forced labor
2. Headright system
3. "Charter of grants and liberties"
4. Indians and Jamestown settlers
1. Initial cooperation and trade
2. Key figures in early Indian-settler relations
1. Powhatan
2. John Smith
3. iii Pocahontas
3. Sporadic conflict
4. War of 1622
1. Opechancanough attack on settlers
2. Settlers' retaliation
3. Aftermath
5. War of 1644
1. Defeat of Opechancanough rebellion
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