01:377:213 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Loose Connective Tissue, Smooth Muscle Tissue, Cholecalciferol
13 May 2018
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I. Intro
A. The integumentary system is composed of:
1. Skin
2. Hair (derivative)
3. Glands (derivative)
4. Nails (derivative)
B. Covers entire body surface, anterior eyes, eardrum, nostrils, lips, anus, urethral
opening, vaginal opening: integument folds inwards (mucous membrane lining
respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts. Transition is seamless.
C. Contains all four of tissue types (epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous).
Epithelium covers surface underlying connective tissues make it strong and
resilient. Smooth muscle tissue controls diameter of blood vessels and adjust
position of hairs. Nervous tissue controls smooth muscles and monitors sensory
receptors that provide sensations of touch, pressure, temperature asd pain.
II. Structure and Function of the Integumentary System
A. Cutaneous Membrane (Skin)
1. Epidermis: superficial epithelium
2. Dermis: underlying connective tissue
a) Subcutaneous (hypodermis): loose connective tissue of
subcutaneous layer, separates the integument from deep fascia
around other organs such as muscle and bones
B. Accessory Structures
1. Hair : located in dermis and protrude through epidermis to surface
2. Glands
3. Nails
C. Functions include:
1. Physical protection
2. Regulation of body temperature
3. Secretion
4. Nutrition: vitamin D3 sythesis
5. Sensation
6. Immunity
III. The Epidermis
A. Melanocytes
1. Specialized pigment-producing cells
2. numerous cytoplasmic processes that inject melanin into cells
3. Produce melanin (black, yellow brown, or brown pigment)
4. Differences in skin color varies from melanocyte activity not amount of
melanocytes
a) Albinism is an inherited disorder characterized by deficient
melanin production. Normal distribution of melanocytes but don’t
produce enough. 1/10000 people
B. Merkel cells
1. Sensory cells
a) Most abundant in skin where sensory perception is most acute
(1) Fingertips, lips
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