01:506:201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: House Of Romanov, Ivan Iii Of Russia, Secret Police
17 May 2018
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Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia
1. I. Introduction
1. A. Land empire created between 1450-1750
1. 1. Involved limited commercial exchange
2. 2. Altered balance of power Asia/Europe
3. 3. Expanded eastward into Asia
2. B. Link to Eastern Europe
1. 1. Some regional kingdoms
2. 2. Conflict with Poland and Lithuania
1. C. Changes of nation
1. 1. Sense of separate identity
2. 2. Reaction to Western influence – accept it,
select from it, shun it
2. II. Russia’s Expansionist Politics Under the Tsars
1. A. First step – Break free from Mongol control
1. 1. Moscow princes strong as tax collectors
2. 2. Ivan III – Ivan the Great – large army – 1462 frees chunk
1. i. Utilized support for Orthodox Church
2. ii. Played off nationalism
3. iii. 1480 totally freed of Mongol control
2. B. Need for Revival
1. 1. Basic Russian Values
1. i. Under Mongols
1. 1. Some adopted dress
2. 2. Christianity maintained
3. 3. Arts diminish
4. 4. Economic hit – trade down/manufacturing
limited
1. a. Purely agricultural economy
2. 2. Centralized Rule
1. i. With imperial mission – make an empire
2. ii. Connection to Byzantine Empire – married niece of
empero
3. 3. “Third Rome” – Caesar – Tsar
4. 4. Ivan IV – Ivan the Terrible
1. i. Killed many nobles (boyars) for alleged conspiracy
1. 1. Nobles couldn’t stand up for selves – no
tradition
3. C. Patterns of Expansion
1. 1. Central Asia
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1. i. Why? Push back Mongols
2. ii. Vast plains easy to conquer/stage battles
3. iii. Cossacks – Russian pioneers – horse + farm
1. 1. Took over then settled lands
2. 2. Skilled horsemen – think American
cowboys/Mongol
2. 2. Usages of expansion
1. i. Land given to nobles for allegiance
2. ii. Further east opened new trading relationships
3. 3. Eliminated independent Central Asia
1. i. Nomads gone
2. ii. Diverse peoples added to Russia – multicultural
empire
1. 1. Like Mughal Empire/Ottoman Empire
2. 2. Large Muslim minority
4. D. Western Contact and Romanov Policy
1. 1. Carefully managed contacts with the west
1. i. Early contacts with British merchants
2. ii. Imported Italian artists/architects to work on
churches/palaces – onion
3. ii. Nobles look to west for style/art/status - precedent
2. 2. Conflict over heir to the throne
1. i. After Ivan IV – Time of Trouble – disputes for throne
– boyars
2. ii. Romanov Dynasty chosen by boyars
3. 3. Romanov’s reestablish order
1. i. Stopped Swedish/Polish attacks
2. ii. Expanded empire
1. 1. Met Ottoman Empire
2. 2. Part of Ukraine
4. 4. Alexis Romanov’s new powers
1. i. Abolished noble assemblies – think Louis XIV
2. ii. State control of Orthdox faith – get rid of
superstitions of Mongol era
1. 1. Exiled to Sibera – Old Believers
3. III. Russia’s First Westernization
1. A. Introduction
1. a. Unusually agricultural existence
1. i. Peter the Great extended tsarist control
2. ii. Expanded territory
3. ii. Imitated Western forms
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2. b. Peter the Great – exceptional leader
1. i. Traveled to west in disguise – picture 6’8” guy in
disguise
2. ii. Visited manufacturing centers – empires for
alliances
1. 1. Gained interest – brought back artisans,
scientists
2. B. Tsarist Autocracy of Peter the Great
1. a. Autocrat
1. i. Put down revolts with cruelty
1. 1. Organized military
2. ii. Devalued parliament
3. ii. Recruited bureaucrats from outside nobility
4. iv. Secret police to watch bureaucrats/prevent dissent
1. 1. Chancery of Secret Police to 1990
2. b. Foreign policy
1. i. attacked Ottoman Empire, but didn’t win a ton of
battles
2. ii. weakened Sweden – sea port
3. ii. shifted capital to St. Petersburg
3. C. What Westernization Meant
1. a. Political changes
1. i. Small bureaucratic departments (think Ministries or
Departments)
2. ii. Military
1. 1. Improved weaponry
2. 2. First Russian navy
3. ii. Got rid of nobility for advisors – got specialized
people
4. iv. Tsar-appointed local magistrates – can control
provinces
5. v. Systemized law codes/tax system (stuff China did
2000 years ago)
6. vi. New training institutes for bureaucrats
2. b. Economic changes
1. i. Metallurgy and mining
2. ii. Unlike W. Europe, didn’t urbanize, develop middle
class
1. 1. Serfs used for manufacturing – nobles
rewarded
3. ii. economics funded military
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter 18 the rise of russia: i. Conflict with poland and lithuania: c. changes of nation, 1. Reaction to western influence accept it: ii. Russia"s expansionist politics under the tsars: a. First step break free from mongol control select from it, shun it: 1. Moscow princes strong as tax collectors: 2. Ivan iii ivan the great large army 1462 frees chunk: i. utilized support for orthodox church, ii. 1480 totally freed of mongol control: b. Economic hit trade down/manufacturing limited: a. purely agricultural economy, 2. With imperial mission make an empire: ii. Connection to byzantine empire married niece of empero: 3. Third rome caesar tsar: 4. Ivan iv ivan the terrible: i. Killed many nobles (boyars) for alleged conspiracy: 1. Nobles couldn"t stand up for selves no tradition: c. patterns of expansion, 1. Vast plains easy to conquer/stage battles: iii. Cossacks russian pioneers horse + farm: 1. Skilled horsemen think american cowboys/mongol: 2. Land given to nobles for allegiance: ii.
