01:447:390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Motility, Facilitated Diffusion, Phospholipid

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Cytoplasm - table 3. 1 : what"s inside cell membrane. Dna - charge shields ; s-p backbone; negative charge-> repulsion. Small, positively charged particles bind to cations-> condensed shape. Dna gyrase - cuts double helix and introduces right handed negative supercoils . If uncontrolled would supercoil to point that double helix breaks. Topoisomerase i - makes single stranded cuts and relives negative supercoils. Enzyme activity is balanced so that there is overall slightly negative charge. E. coli - 37 degrees in lab ; 40min to divide , 20 sec. to make a protein . Each ribosome 3 proteins/ min = 120 proteins / 40 min. Need 6. 50 ribosomes to 2x 10^6 proetins in 40 min. Ex: c storage polymer ; e reserves , strucural building blocks. Phb- polydroxybutyate- lipid that forms long polymers which aggragte into granules of lipid: when carbon is excess then phb is synthesized and when carbon is needed the granules are broken down.

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