01:447:380 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Spliceosome, Consensus Sequence, Polyadenylation
Document Summary
Special sequences tell the spliceosome where to cut. There are consensus sequences around the intron/exon borders that orient the spliceosom so it cuts at the right places. Alternative splicing allows one gene to make different proteins in different tissues. Guide rnas bind to the mrna and cause it to be cleaved and edited. Nucleotides can be added or deleted, and one nucleotide can be substituted for by anoth. The resultant mrna base sequence and protein"s amino acid sequence will not match th that are predicted from the gene"s coding sequence. The ribosome reads the mrna three bases at a time. Each codon instructs the ribosome to add one amino acid to the growing polypepti. A stop codon terminates translation and releases the polypeptide. The polypeptide is folded, adorned with chemical side groups and sent to where it needs. Some polypeptides join with others to form multimers.