01:447:390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Coenzyme A, Enzyme, Energy

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3 Oct 2018

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Metabolism, sum of all of the chemical processes. Catabolism - taking complex molecules and breaking them down into simpler ones. Involves electron transfer which represents that release of energy. Energy is captured in high energy transfer compounds. Figure 5. 1 metabolism, the sum of catabolism and anabolism. Energy captured in high energy bonds of atp and other molecules. Redox reactions: table 5. 1 comparison of oxidation and reduction. Endothermic; endergonic (requires energy, such as heat: reactions are coupled - electrons cannot exist alone in solution. Cant have an oxidation with out a reduction. Autotrophs - assimilate carbon from inorganic sources - ex: co2. Heterotrophs - carbon from organic forms - heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for organic forms: energy - produce atp. Chemotrophs - require energy from oxidation of reduced organic or inorganic compounds. Figure 5. 2 the main types of energy capturing metabolism.

Related Questions

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

1.NAD+ participates in reactions that produce
a.phosphorylation.
b. a CH2 group.
c. a C=O bond.
d. a C-C bond.
e. ADP from ATP.

2.The main compound used to release energy for metabolism is
a.NAD+.
b. sucrose.
c. ribonucleic acid.
d. glucose phosphate.
e. adenosine triphosphate.

3.Anabolic reactions are reactions that
a.use energy.
b. take place in the mitochondria.
c. use oxidation but not reduction.
d. give off energy.
e. break down large molecules into smaller ones.

4.The process by which complex molecules are broken down intosimpler ones for the body's use is called
a.glucogenesis.
b. catabolism.
c. metabolism.
d. anabolism.
e. gluconeogenesis.

5.In biochemical systems, the term reduction often refers to
a.a gain in oxygen.
b. an energy-releasing reaction.
c. a loss of hydrogen or electrons by a compound.
d. a loss of electrons.
e. a gain of hydrogen or electrons by a compound.

6.The codon is found on __________, and the anticodon is found on__________.
a.rRNA; tRNA
b. mRNA; rRNA
c. ribosomes; tRNA
d. mRNA; tRNA
e. tRNA; mRNA

7.When DNA duplicates itself, the correct placement of thenucleotides is accomplished by
a.base matching.
b. complementary base pairing.
c. polymerase.
d. enzyme matching.
e. transcription.
8.The base sequence of the strand of DNA complementary to thesegment
5'-T-G-G-C-A-A-C-3' is:

a.3'-U-C-C-G-T-T-G-5'
b. 3'-A-C-G-C-T-U-G-5'
c. 3'-A-C-C-G-T-T-G-5'
d. 3'-T-G-G-C-A-A-C-5'
e. 3'-A-C-C-G-U-U-G-5'
9.Which of the following will not be found in DNA?
a.ribose
b. adenine
c. thymine
d. guanine
e. cytosine
10.When a substance bonds to an enzyme for reaction, its place ofbinding is the
a.primary pocket.
b. allosteric site.
c. primary site.
d. end pocket.
e. active site.

sangriapig974

Why does an electron have lower potential energy in an H-O bondthan in an O=O bond?

H has a higher electronegativity than O.

O=O is not stable.

O=O contains a double bond.

The electrons are closer to the oxygen atom in the H-O bond.

None of the answers are correct.

How is the energy from the electron transport chain used mostdirectly?

to form the bonds of a water molecule

to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membraneinto the mitochondrial intermembrane space

to join ADP with a phosphate

to decompose glucose into pyruvate

to rotate ATP synthase

Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons acrossthe mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

the transfer of electrons in redox reactions

the breakdown of ATP to ADP

the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

oxidation of isocitrate

None of the answers are correct.

What causes the ATP synthase rotor to spin?

the passing of electrons through ATP synthase

the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane

the movement of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

None of the answers are correct.

What of the following generates the proton-motive force duringoxidative phosphorylation?

buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I

movement of H⁺ ions across the mitochondrial membraneduring electron transport

rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

joining of H⁺ ions with oxygen to form water

None of the answers are correct.

Suppose a microorganism invades a cell, causing damage to ATPsynthase. How would cellular respiration be affected?

Electrons could not be passed down the electron transportchain.

ADP could not be joined with a phosphate to form ATP.

Hydrogen ions could not be pumped into the mitochondrialintermembrane space.

The cell could not release any energy from the glucosemolecule.

Glucose could not be broken down into pyruvate.

Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycleto the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH₂

ATP and ADP

GTP and GDP

oxaloacetate and citric acid

None of the answers are correct.

Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucoseduring the citric acid cycle?

acid-base reactions

redox reactions

random reactions

All answers are correct.

None of the answers are correct.

What is the role of NAD⁺ in cellular respiration?

to receive electrons from the citric acid cycle and deliver themto the electron transport chain

to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP

to accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space tofacilitate ATP synthesis

to serve as a substrate to bind to acetyl-CoA at the beginningof the citric acid cycle

None of the answers are correct.

10.

Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

glucose

pyruvate

ATP

acetyl-CoA

None of the answers are correct.

apricotgoose897

01:447:390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Coenzyme A, Enzyme, Energy

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