01:510:261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Antonio López De Santa Anna, California Republic, Henry David Thoreau
13 May 2018
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Chapter 13: A House Divided, 1840-1861
1. Westward migration
1. Oregon
2. Utah (Mormons)
3. Mexican frontier
2. Roots of Mexican War
1. Pre-American settlers
1. Mexican independence from Spain
2. Mexicans and Indians
3. California's commercial links to the United States
2. From arrival of U.S. settlers to Texas revolt
1. Initial emigration to Texas
2. Mexican efforts to check American presence
3. Texas revolt
1. Demand by U.S. settlers and "Tejano" allies for
greater autonomy
2. Clamp-down by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
3. Declaration of Independence
4. Battle of the Alamo; "Remember the Alamo"
5. Defeat of Santa Anna by Sam Houston at San Jacinto
4. Republic of Texas
1. Establishment
2. Election of Houston as first president
3. Early quest for U.S. annexation; opposition by
President Jackson
4. Swelling of American emigration
3. 1844 election
1. Revival of annexation issue
1. Texas
1. Relation to slavery question
2. Support from John Tyler, James K. Polk
3. Opposition from Henry Clay, Martin Van Buren
2. Oregon; "Fifty-four forty or fight"
2. Democrat Polk vs. Whig Clay
3. Election of Polk
4. Annexations under Polk
1. Texas
2. Oregon up to forty-ninth parallel
3. Pursuit of California
3. Mexican War
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1. Immediate causes
1. Impasse over California
2. Texas-Mexico border dispute
3. Polk declaration of war on Mexico
2. Response among Americans
1. Broad support
1. Spirit of Manifest Destiny
2. America as bearer of liberty
2. Themes of dissent
1. War will promote expansion of slavery
2. War undermines democratic values
3. Thoreau and principle of civil disobedience
4. Lincoln's opposition to president's war-making power
3. Course of war
1. California
1. American rebels' declaration of independence from
Mexico
2. Announcement of Bear Flag Republic under John C.
Frémont
3. Arrival of U.S. Navy, superseding Bear Flag Republic
2. Santa Fe
1. Occupation by U.S. troops under Stephen W.
Kearney
2. Subsequent suppression by Kearney of Mexican
resistance in southern California
3. Mexico
1. Defeat of Santa Anna by Zachary Taylor at Battle of
Buena Vista
2. Occupation of Mexico City by Winfield Scott
4. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1. Confirmation of U.S. annexation of Texas
2. Ceding to the United States of California and present-day
New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah
3. Payment by the United States to Mexico of $15 million
5. Mexico's lasting resentment over war
6. "Race" and legacy of U.S. victory
1. Affirmation of Manifest Destiny assumptions
1. "Anglo-Saxon race" as innately superior
2. Association of Anglo-Saxon Protestants with
civilization, progress, liberty
2. Social inequalities of newly acquired territories
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