01:510:261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: John Humphrey Noyes, Josiah Warren, New Lanark

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Chapter 12 - An Age of Reform, 1820-1840
1. The reform impulse
1. Overall patterns
1. Voluntary associations
2. Wide-ranging targets and objectives
3. Activities and tactics
4. Breadth of appeal
2. Utopian communities
1. Overall patterns
1. Varieties of structures and purposes
2. Common visions
1. Cooperative organization of society
2. Social harmony
3. Narrowing of gap between rich and poor
4. Gender equality
2. Spiritual communities
1. Shakers
1. Outlooks on gender and property
2. Outcome
2. Oneida
1. John Humphrey Noyes
2. Outlooks on gender and property
3. Outcome
3. Worldly communities
1. Brook Farm
1. Transcendentalist origins
2. Influence of Charles Fourier
3. Outlooks on labor and leisure
4. Outcome
2. New Harmony
1. Communitarianism of Robert Owen
2. Forerunner at New Lanark, Scotland
3. Outlooks on labor, education, gender, and
community
4. Outcome
3. Utopia and Modern Times
1. Anarchism of Josiah Warren
2. Outlooks on labor, exchange, and gender
3. Outcome
4. Limits of mainstream appeal
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3. Mainstream reform movements
1. Visions of liberation
1. From external "servitudes" (e.g. slavery, war)
2. From internal "servitudes" (e.g. drink, illiteracy, crime)
2. Influence of Second Great Awakening
3. "Perfectionism"
4. Appeal in "burnt-over districts"
5. Radicalization of reform causes
6. Badge of middle-class respectability
4. Opposition to reform
1. Leading sources
1. Workers
2. Catholics
3. Immigrants
2. Points of controversy
1. Temperance crusade
2. Perfectionism
3. Imposition of middle-class Protestant morality
5. Ambiguities of reform
1. Impulse for liberation, individual freedom
2. Impulse for moral order, social control
6. Program of institution building
1. Jails
2. Poorhouses
3. Asylums
4. Orphanages
5. Common schools
1. Thomas Mann
2. As embodiment of reform agenda
3. Reception and outcome
2. Crusade against slavery
1. American Colonization Society
1. Founding
2. Principles
1. Gradual abolition
2. Removal of freed blacks to Africa
3. Establishment of Liberia
4. Skepticism over
5. Following
1. In North
2. In South
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