01:694:301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Calorimeter, Isolated System, Hydrolysis

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Closed systems: can exchange energy, but not matter. Open systems: can exchange matter and energy wth surroundings (like humans) Isolated system: can exchange nothing with surroundings ex: bomb calorimeter. The first law of thermodynamics: energy is conserved. Enthalpy (h) is the heat exchanged between the system and the surroundings at constant pressure (which is the typical condition of living systems) When the reaction occurs, we are going through combustion, and we get heat. The number of moles of gas decreases from 23->16 q is the idea of enthalpy. Focus: temperature. q is related to deltah. deltah is the initial temp-final temp. A reversible process is near a state of equilibrium. It is the lowest energy state of the system. The forward and reverse rates of the process are equal. Irreversible processes are set up far from an equilibrium state, and then proceed towards that state. The entropy of an isolated system will tend to increase to a max value.

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