11:709:255 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Bronchiole, Main Stem, Perfusion
17 Feb 2020
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Document Summary
Upper airway consists of: nose and nasal cavity (sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea. Lower airway consists of: lung (right and left, bronchi (main stem and segmental, bronchioles, alveoli (gas exchange units) Functions of the pulmonary system: primary function = gas exchange. Two levels of respiration: external and internal. Every body cell is engaged in respiration (metabolism) Average 12-20 breaths per minute (respiratory rate) at rest for adults. Consider: supporting structures bones and muscles, diminished lung integrity with aging, nutrition and lung immunity relationship, blood pressure and lung relationship, inflammation and lung relationship. Malnutrition"s impact can affect: lungs structure, elasticity and function, respiratory muscle mass, strength and endurance, lung immune defense mechanisms, control of breathing, regulation of blood pressure and inflammatory pathways. Low protein and hemoglobin leads to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Low protein contributes to pulmonary edema and decreased surfactant. Increased energy expenditure may lead to: increased work of breathing, chronic infection, medical treatments (bronchodilators, physical therapy)
