11:709:255 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Kidney Stone Disease, Dietary Reference Intake, Cramp

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Sodium needs, adequate intake, 1500 mg/d for adults, 1200 - 1300 mg/d for older adults, body only needs 200 mg/d, minimum requirement is 500 mg/d, daily value = 2400 mg, typical intake is 2300 - 4700 mg/day. Sodium-deficiency diseases: rare, causes, persistent vomiting diarrhea, excessive perspiration, consequences of deficiency, muscle cramps, nausea, dizziness, shock, kidneys will normally respond by conserving sodium, treatment, salty foods, electrolyte drinks. Upper level for sodium: ul= 2300 mg/d, 95% of north americans exceed ul, consequences of toxicity, hypertension, increases calcium excretion, formation of kidney stones. Potassium: positive ion in the intracellular fluid, associated with lowering blood pressure, absorption, transport, storage, and excretion of potassium, 90% of potassium consumed is absorbed, mostly ends up in body cells (95%) somein blood, regulated by kidneys. Functions of potassium: fluid balance, nerve-impulse transmission, muscle contraction. Potassium in foods: found in fruits, vegetables, milk, grains, meats, dried beans, generally not added to foods.

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