01:830:101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Spaced, Echoic Memory, Iconic Memory
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Module 24: Studying and Encoding Memories
Studying Memories
▪ Memory
▪ Persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of
information
▪ Evidence of memory
▪ Recalling information
▪ Recognizing it
▪ Relearning it more easily on a later attempt
EBBINGHAUS’ RETENTION CURVE
Ebbinghaus found that the more times he practiced a list of nonsense syllables on day 1, the less time he
required to relearn it on day 2.
Speed of relearning is one measure of memory retention. (From Baddeley, 1982.)
Studying Memories
▪ Psychologists use memory models to think and communicate about memory.
▪ Information-processing models
▪ Compares human memory to computer operations
▪ Involves three processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval
▪ Connectionism information-processing model
▪ Focuses on multitrack, parallel processing
▪ Views memories as products of interconnected neural networks
Memory Models
▪ Three processing stages in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model
▪ We first record to-be-remembered information as a fleeting sensory memory.
▪ From there, we process information into short-term memory, where we encode it
through rehearsal.
▪ Finally, information moves into long-term memory for later retrieval.
A MODIFIED THREE-STAGE INFORMATION-PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY
Atkiso ad “hiffri’s lassic three-step model helps us to think about how memories are processed,
ut today’s researhers reogize other ays log-term memories form. For example, some information
slips into long-ter eory ia a ak door, ithout our osiously attedig to it (automatic
processing). And so much active processing occurs in the short-term memory stage that many now
prefer to call that stage working memory.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
172
01:830:101 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
172 documents
Document Summary
Studying memories: memory, persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information, evidence of memory, recalling information, recognizing it, relearning it more easily on a later attempt. Ebbinghaus found that the more times he practiced a list of nonsense syllables on day 1, the less time he required to relearn it on day 2. Speed of relearning is one measure of memory retention. (from baddeley, 1982. ) Studying memories: psychologists use memory models to think and communicate about memory. Information-processing models: compares human memory to computer operations. Involves three processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval: connectionism information-processing model, focuses on multitrack, parallel processing, views memories as products of interconnected neural networks. Atki(cid:374)so(cid:374) a(cid:374)d hiffri(cid:374)"s (cid:272)lassic three-step model helps us to think about how memories are processed, (cid:271)ut today"s resear(cid:272)hers re(cid:272)og(cid:374)ize other (cid:449)ays lo(cid:374)g-term memories form. For example, some information slips into long-ter(cid:373) (cid:373)e(cid:373)ory (cid:448)ia a (cid:862)(cid:271)a(cid:272)k door,(cid:863) (cid:449)ithout our (cid:272)o(cid:374)s(cid:272)iously atte(cid:374)di(cid:374)g to it (automatic processing).
