01:920:108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Minority Group, Margaret Sanger, Cultural Feminism
16 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Minority Group: Women
Minority group→group of people in society who b/c of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics find themselves in inequality compared
w/ the dominant group in that society.
1.
Sex: biological characteristics
2.
How society defines them
1.
Sociologists consider gender and sex socially constructed
2.
Society constructs meaning of gender→definition by family, religion, school, media→evolves over time
3.
Gender: social characteristics, psychological and cultural differences btw males and females
3.
Androgynous: someone with a combination of “male” and “female” characteristics
4.
Feminism: all the movements that have sought to reduce gender stratification→to achieve gender equality
5.
Nomadic nature→population growth remains low
1.
Allowed men and women to engage in parallel activities
2.
Challenge ideological basis of traditional views of gender roles
3.
Hunting and Gathering
1.
Move to agriculture based→tasks became more gender specific, Emergence of private property→most fundamental shift
undergirding gender inequality→Private property gets passed down onto children and generationally
1.
"Separate spheres”--> asserted that men’s place is primarily in the field and the marketplace, while women’s activities should be
concentrated within the domestic sphere
2.
Agrarian
2.
Employment became urbanized→women’s and children’s participation in labor force declined
1.
Highest-paying jobs were reserved for white men→Unions developed but also functioned to restrict those on the lower end of the
stratification ladder from entering skilled labor pool
2.
1920→Women granted the right to vote in U.S.
3.
Family wage→kept paying good wages to males to sustain entire families to secure good employees
4.
Industrial
3.
Deindustrialization and globalization→women moved away from taking traditional wife and mother roles. Women and men are
now equal in terms of education levels
1.
Increasing participation of women in paid labor force
2.
Smaller families, decline of traditional families (smaller number of children), higher rates of divorce, workforce participation (of
women increased), wide variety of careers
3.
Post-industrial
4.
History→
6.
1848-Seneca Falls Convention held→drafted Declaration of Sentiments (demands for women’s right to vote)
1.
Demand right to vote and own property
2.
Women in the white upper classes-their reproductive capacity and homemaking seemed to be their only source of societal worth
3.
Margaret Sanger→opened 1st birth control clinic in the U.S. in 1916,
4.
Suffragists (first wave)
1.
Doldrum period→1945-1960→women in home w/modern conveniences (domestic tasks)
1.
Second wave continued to push for greater reproductive rights and domestic equality
2.
Stigma of unmarried women
3.
Equal Pay Act (1963), and 1967→executive order that applied to “affirmative action” to employment for women
1.
Women’s Education Equity Act and Title IX→attempted to equalize funding for women and girls’ athletics
2.
Changing of laws regarding use of birth control, marital rape, and domestic violence
3.
Cultural feminism→change values and norms associated w/positive view of masculine traits and negative view of female
traits
4.
Movement began in 1960s’ w/other movements
4.
Women’s liberation movement (second wave)
2.
Multiracial women-other factors separate needs of women (age, class, race, etc)-->became known as intersectionality in 1980s.
1.
Women of color were more interested in having and caring for their own children
2.
Issues of white middle-class women were defining the feminist movement’s agenda, while the pressing social and economic
gender related concerns were left unaddressed by the movement at large
3.
Third wave questions the idea of “men” and “women” altogether
4.
May advocate for changes such as unisex restroom options in public places and more than two “sex” options on government forms
5.
Post-Modern and Post-Industrial (3rd wave)
3.
(2nd wave) Gender reform→equal treatment of females and males
1.
3 types of feminism
4.
Movement for Gender Equality
7.
Lecture: Day 20
Monday, April 9, 2018
11:13 PM
Minority Groups in American Society Page 1
Document Summary
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