01:920:108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Gay Liberation Front, Matthew Shepard And James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, Mattachine Society
16 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Minority Group: LGBT Community--> 3.4% of adult population in U.S.
Sexual orientation: refers to the gender or genders to which a person is sexually attracted to.
1.
Sexual identity: the way people think about themselves sexually
2.
Sexual behavior: what people do sexually
3.
Issue is subtle and complicated→terms are related but not mutually exclusive or exhaustive (socially constructed terms)
4.
Definitions
1.
Able to main invisibility to some degree (can’t really hide racial orientation)
1.
Coming out is accepting the stigma
2.
People of color less likely to accept another stigma in their lives
3.
Face marginalization and stigma
4.
Minority sexual orientation can be imposed on society onto people whether they are correct or not
5.
Womanist
→
accounts for race, gender, class, etc. btw genders
6.
Identity
2.
Society’s relative degree of openness toward women’s economic independence is a crucial determining factor of how such same-sex relations
are conceptualized
1.
Patriarchal society, women viewed as inferior-> purpose to reproduce
1.
Ancient Greece→homosexuality not considered deviant behavior (sexual behavior) among elites, it was acceptable for younger men to be
“wooed” by older man
2.
Interviewed 10,000 people→what we thought about as “culturally abnormal” was “statistically normal”
1.
All humans lie on continuum of sexual orientation (pansexual)--> not simple divide btw gay and straight
2.
Distinguished sex in general and brought out of closet→made sex normal
3.
Rejected idea that homosexuality was genetic (innate)--> seen as sexual choice or preference
4.
Early research on sexual behavior
1.
Kinsey’s study
3.
Agrarian: traditional family was the norm, women in suffrage movement formed households for emotional support (Boston marriage), as
urbanization increased→gay neighborhoods formed
1.
Sen. Joe McCarthy→during 1940s and 1950s→pulled homosexuals from their jobs and threw them in jail
1.
Bars that were undercover gay/lesbian gathering places continued to be subjected to police raids and harassment in 1940s and
1950s
2.
1973-APA removed homosexuality from DSM
3.
HIV/AIDS set back progress as it was generally viewed as a gay disease
4.
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)--> made it legal for married couples to obtain contraception
5.
ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power)→developed in NYC by Larry Kramer→urgency among LGB persons and their allies to
take on the streets to raise public awareness of the disease.
6.
Past
2.
Separate spheres
4.
Coming out→act of a nonheterosexual person publicly disclosing his or her sexual identity→Act of coming out transforms an invisible
minority status into a visible one
1.
Coming Out Day-on Oct 11th
2.
One of the important causes addressed by the organizers of the national coming out campaign was civil rights protection for gays and
lesbians
3.
Contact hypothesis→support of gay rights based on personal connection of a person who is gay or lesbian
4.
Coming Out
5.
LGB visibility is greater today than ever in U.S. history
1.
Many rural and southern Americans (and others) continue to remain in the closet due to fear of social stigma and other potential
repercussions
2.
Recent Developments
6.
Collective identity→shared understanding of one’s place in society
1.
Mattachine Society first organization developed in 1951 in LA-founded by men who wanted to educate the public about gay men
and convince society that they were just as deserving of the right to live and work w/o fear of harassment as were other
Americans.
2.
“Homophile” movement→engaged in public service to their community with the hopes of counteracting the caricature of them in
the wider society that branded them as deviant and disposable→Its membership were mainly men
3.
Primary aim of Mattachine Society and the Daughters of Bilitis was assimilation into the wider society, and they strove to
counteract the severe repression of the 1950s
4.
Homophile Organizations (pre-Stonewall)
1.
Inspired by Civil Rights organizations and Feminist groups→new leadership challenged homophile organizations to be more
confrontational, more demanding of basic rights and respect
1.
Stonewall Rebellion→spontaneous and violent reaction to a 1969 police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a bar in Greenwich Village,
2.
Stonewall Rebellion
2.
Gay Liberation Movements
7.
History
3.
Lecture: Day 21
Thursday, April 12, 2018
11:13 PM
Minority Groups in American Society Page 1
Document Summary
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