01:920:222 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Victimless Crime, Labeling Theory

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Labeling theorists saw labeling as central and thus also focused on: Ask when, how & why rules labeling or criminalizing behaviors came into place. Claims that behaviors got labelled as deviant b/c they served the interests of powerful groups. Moral entrepreneurs have a moral interest in getting behaviors labeled as deviant. Pursue moral campaigns to get behavior criminalized. Once behavior is criminalized, rule enforcers also have an interest in seeing that criminal labels are perpetuated and expanded. Labeling theorists also focused on how labels are applied: Examine who is most likely to be punished vs who is most likely to be diverted. Argue that there is selective enforcement of rules with bias against minorities, lower class, males & those with hostile demeanor. B/c they saw them as victims of labeling by state, moral entrepreneurs, and social control agents. Tended to depict them as the underdogs or as heroic rather than as predators.

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