1. What is the correct sequence of steps inthe scientific method?
I. Make observations and ask a question
II. Analyze the data
III. Develop a hypothesis
IV. Share the results with otherscientists
V. Design and perform an experiment to testthe hypothesis
a) I>II > III > IV > V
b) III > I > V > II > IV
c) V> IV > III > II > I
d) I> III > V >II > IV
e) V > II > I > III > IV
2. You have formulated a hypothesis: �Applescontain more vitamin C than oranges.�
To test your hypothesis you measure vitamin Clevels in 20 oranges and 20 apples from trees that were grown inthe same orchard under the same environmental conditions(temperature, rain, sunlight). This experiment was conducted twice.The control in the experiment is
a) type of soil, temperature, amount of rainand sunlight in the orchard
b) vitamin C levels
c) oranges
d) apples
e) a large sample size and repeatedexperiment
***Use the following information to answerquestions 3, 4, 5 & 6 below***:
A group of medical researchers investigatedthe effects of Drug X on lowering cholesterol levels in a group ofmen between the ages of 50 and 70 years old. The researchers didthe following experiment and obtained the indicatedresults: One group of 150 men took a tablet containingDrug X for 3 weeks � 95 of these men decreased their cholesterollevels by at least 10% (three men from this group dropped out ofthe study). Another group of 150 men wasgiven a tablet with no added Drug X for 3 weeks � 10 of these mendecreased their cholesterol levels by at least 10% (two men fromthis group dropped out of the study).
3. Which of the following is the besthypothesis for this experiment?
a) Will drug X lower cholesterol levels in menbetween the age of 50 and 70 years?
b) Drug X will lower cholesterol levels inmen.
c) Since high cholesterol levels significantlyincreases several health risks for men, drug X is most likelybeneficial.
d) Men between the age of 50 and 70 years willhave reduced cholesterol levels if they take drug X over a 3 weekperiod.
e) There is no significant difference incholesterol levels between men that take drug X and those thatdon�t take it.
4. Which of the following was the controlgroup in this experiment?
a) the amount of Drug X contained in thetablet
b) the number of participants in each group atthe end of the experiment
c) the group of participants that receivedtablets containing Drug X
d) the group of participants that receivedtablets that did not contain Drug X
e) the number of participants in each group atthe beginning of the experiment
5. Which of the following is a dependentvariable in this experiment?
a) the amount of Drug X contained in thetablet
b) participants that received tabletscontaining Drug X
c) the average age of the participants
d) number of participants in each group at thebeginning of the experiment
e) cholesterol
6. Which of the following is an independentvariable in this experiment?
a) the amount of Drug X contained in thetablet
b) participants that received tabletscontaining Drug X
c) the average age of the participants
d) number of participants in each group at thebeginning of the experiment
e) cholesterol
7. A chemotherapy drug affects theenzyme DNA polymerase. In which part of the cell cycle does itinhibit cell division?
a) Metaphase
b) S phase
c) G1
d) Cytokinesis
e) Prophase
8. A researcher planted seeds from four typesof tomatoes (Roma, Cherry, Big Boy and Early Girl) in a greenhouseto determine which type of tomato produce the largest number oftomatoes per plant. The plants were grown for 70 days under thesame temperature and light conditions. The average results for 20plants of each type are shown below. Choose thedata set that demonstrates that Cherry tomatoes produce the largestnumber of tomatoes per plant.
a) Roma: 20 tomatoes, Cherry: 18 tomatoes, BigBoy: 30 tomatoes, Early Girl: 10 tomatoes
b) Roma: 1.8 lbs, Cherry: 2.8 lbs, Big Boy:2.7 lbs, Early Girl: 1.0 lbs
c) Roma: 3 cm, Cherry: 1 cm, Big Boy: 10 cm,Early Girl: 7 cm
d) Roma: 2 cm, Cherry: 10 cm, Big Boy: 7 cm,Early Girl: 6 cm
e) Roma: 23 tomatoes, Cherry: 28 tomatoes, BigBoy: 10 tomatoes, Early Girl: 27 tomatoes
9. The majority of climate scientists believethat the current change in climate is caused predominantly by________.
a) an enhancement of the greenhouse effect
b) a decreased reliance on fossil fuels forenergy
c) a thinning of the ozone layer
d) a melting of the polar icecaps
e) an increase in solar radiation
10. Based on the following phylogenetic tree,which of the following conclusions are *NOT*correct? Each letter represents a hypotheticalspecies.
a) A and E share a common ancestor
b) B is one of A�s ancestors
c) E and D are more closely related to eachother than to C
d) C is more closely related to E than toB
e) A and B are closely related
11. You are taking a cruise from California toHawaii. About halfway there the ship begins to sink. You are ableto board a lifeboat, but now you are floating in the ocean waitingto be rescued. After several days you are so thirsty that you bendover the side of the boat and drink lots of salty seawater. Whathappens to your body?
a) You throw up because sea salt is toxic tohumans.
b) You get thirstier because of osmosis.
c) Salt diffuses into your cells, waterfollows, your cells start to expand and you feel bloated.
d) Since sea water consist of 96.5% freshwater (and only 3.5% salt) you will feel much better.
e) You get dehydrated because water is unableto cross the semi-permeable membranes of your cells.
12. You are spraying your garden with apesticide and you accidentally swallow a smallamount. You read on the package that this pesticideinhibits ATP synthase. Should you be worried?
a) ATP synthase is part of the light dependentreaction in photosynthesis; this pesticide will therefore notaffect humans. So don�t worry!
b) ATP synthase is an enzyme involved in thecitric acid cycle so all animals, humans included, will beaffected. Call the doctor.
c) ATP synthase found in the pesticide is avery toxic compound. Call the doctor.
d) ATP synthase is involved in bothphotosynthesis and cellular respiration. Call the doctor.
e) ATP synthase inhibitors will not affecthumans, but there might be other toxic ingredients in thepesticide, so it is best to call the doctor to be on the safeside.
13. In the following chemical reaction, whatis carbon dioxide (CO2)?
12 H20 + 6CO2 -> 1glucose molecule + 6 O2
a) substrate
b) product
c) enzyme
d) activation factor
e) independent variable
14. Which of the following is NOT a feature ofDNA?
a) Adenine (A) forms a base pair with thymine(T)
b) Complimentary strands are anti-parallel,running in opposite directions
c) Complimentary strands are held together byhydrogen bonds between phosphate groups
d) Nucleotides within a single strand areconnected by covalent bonds
e) All of the above are features of DNA
15. A man who carries a harmful sex-linkedgene on his X chromosome, will pass the gene on to
a) All of his daughters
b) Half of his daughters
c) All of his sons
d) Half of his sons
e) All of his children
16. A double-stranded DNA molecule that has22% guanine will have
a) 28% thymine
b) 22% cytosine
c) 44% adenine
d) 26% uracil
e) Both A and B are correct
17. Which of the following variations could besubject to natural selection?
a) A dog with short legs due to malnutritionis able to crawl into holes better than his litter mates
b) A tree is not infested by a ground-dwellingbeetle when the homeowner cuts the lower branches
c) A hyena is born with a spotted fur patternthat allows it to hide in the grass better than his littermates
d) A pigeon learns than when its keeper comesnear it will be fed
e) All of these variations may be acted on bynatural selection
18. The ability of fireflies and angler fishto produce light is an example of convergent evolution. What canyou conclude about these two animals based on this information?
a) They share a recent common ancestor
b) They are both adapted to environments lowin light
c) The ability to produce light is an ancienttrait
d) They are found in the same location
e) All of the above
19. You observe the following outside yourwindow: A grasshopper is munching away on a leaf when ahawk swoops down and eats the grasshopper. What is the grasshopperin this situation?
a) secondary consumer
b) prey
c) herbivore
d) predator
e) both b, c and d
20. Which of the following statements is *NOT*true?
a) The cells resulting from meiosis arediploid and the cells resulting from mitosis are haploid.
b) Meiosis and meiosis both starts with onecell, but meiosis ends with four and mitosis withtwo.
c) Mitosis produces new cells for growth andrepair, meiosis produces gametes.
d) Mitosis goes through cytokinesis once,meiosis goes through cytokinesis twice.
e) Cross over happens in meiosis, but not inmitosis.
21. Neon, Ne, has an atomic number of 10 andan atomic mass of approximately 20. How many neutronsdoes neon have?
a) 5
b) 20
c) 10
d) 30
e) 15
22. An ionic bond is one in which
a) Outer shell electrons are sharedby two atoms in order to fill the electron shells of both atoms
b) Outer shell electrons of oneatom are transferred to the inner electron shell of anotheratom
c) Electrons are removed from oneatom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms becomeequally charged
d) Electrons are removed from theouter shell of one atom and transferred to the outer shell ofanother atom in order to completely fill the outer shells of eachatom
e) Electrons are removed from theouter shell of each atom in order to give each atom a neutralnumber of electrons
23. Which characteristic of water results theconstant body temperature of mammals?
a) cohesion
b) density at differenttemperatures
c) polarity
d) heat absorption
e) solvency
24. Which of the following is thestrongest base?
a) black coffee
b) bakingsoda
c) stomachacid
d) water
e) ammonia
25. An ideal antibiotic damages only bacterialcells but not human cells. Which of the followingcellular structures would be a good target for antibiotics?
a) plasmamembrane
b) cytoskeleton
c) cell wall
d) nucleus
e) nucleolus
26. An erythrocyte is place in a beaker of seawater. The cell shrivels andshrinks. Why?
a) Sea water is hypertonic to the fluid insidethe cells.
b) Sea water is isotonic to the fluid insidethe cells
c) The fluid inside the cells is hypertonic tothe sea water
d) Sea water is hypertonic to the fluidoutside the cells
e) Sea water is hypotonic to the fluid insidethe cells
27. Most of the ATP of aerobic respiration isproduced in the
a)chloroplast
b)mitochondria
c)ribosome
d) plasmamembrane
e)cytoplasm
28. Which of the following does notnegatively affect the rate of an enzyme reaction?
a) Reduction in temperature
b) Reduction in the amount of a competitiveinhibitor
c) Reduction in the amount of substrate
d) Reduction in the amount of enzyme
e) Reduction in the pH of the solution
29. If a germ cell has 30chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the gametes?
a) 60
b) 30
c) 10
d) 15
e) 20
30. In what stage are the sisterc33.hromatids lined up at the center of the spindle?
a) Interphase
b) Telophase
c) Prophase
d) Metaphase
e) Anaphase
31. Which of the following could betrue for a child with Down�s Syndrome?
a) Non-disjunction occurred during theproduction of the egg
b) The sperm could have had two copies ofchromosome 21
c) One gamete had two copies of chromosome 21and the other had one copy
d) None of a) through c) could betrue
e) All of a) through c) could be true
32. Which of the following statements is notconsistent with Darwin�s theory of evolution?
a) Fossils indicate the structures of extinctorganisms
b) The Earth is approximately 100,000 yearsold
c) Organisms on earth have survived or dieddepending upon the environment in which they were born.
d) All living species are related to commonancestors
e) Individuals do not evolve
33. A trait that influences the mating ofindividuals having that trait is called
a) Genetic drift
b) Gene flow
c) Artificial selection
d) Natural selection
e) Sexual selection
34. The formation of new biological lineagesis called
a) Mutation
b) Natural selection
c) Speciation
d) Genetic drift
e) Sexual selection
35. Which of the following organisms iscapable of both using carbon dioxide to produce starch and usingoxygen to produce ATP?
a) dog
b) human
c) earthworm
d) houseplant
e) none of the above
36. Which density-dependent factor controlsthe size of a population?
a) wind velocity
b) light intensity
c) nutrient supply
d) rainfall
e) all of the above
37. According to Darwin, natural selectionoccurs when the environmental conditions cause specific ___________found in populations to become ______________.
a) selections, exponential growth
b) variations, adaptations
c) weakest members, strongest members
d) non-competitors, competitors
e) similarities, differences
38. Which of the following statements is trueabout a bond formed between two carbon atoms?
a) the bond requires the sharing ofprotons
b) the bond requires the sharing ofelectrons
c) the bond requires the sharing ofneutrons
d) the bond contains ADP
e) the bond cannot be broken
39. Which of the following is abiotic?
a) Roots
b) Bacteria
c) Seawater
d) Slime mold
e) Algae
40. Which density-dependent factor controlsthe size of a population?
a) wind velocity
b) light intensity
c) nutrient supply
d) rainfall
e) all of the above
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MATCHING SECTION #1 � 1 point each
**Do not enter your answers here.** Type inthe letter you select from the Definition/Association column as thebest answer on the Answer Sheet for the number represented belowfor the Term or Concept.
Term or Concept
1. Water molecule
2. Carbon
3. Homeostasis
4. Ionic Bonding
5. Covalent Bonding
6. Carbohydrate
7. Enzyme
8. Acid
9. Base
10. Lipid
Definition/Association
A. energy source
B. two atoms sharing electrons
C. electron donated/received
D. hydrophobic
E. element found in all living organisms
F. catalyst
G. OH-> H+
H. polar
I. characteristic of all living organisms
J. H+ > OH-
?
MATCHING SECTION #2 � 1 point each
**Do not enter your answers here.** Type inthe letter you select from the Definition/Association column as thebest answer on the Answer Sheet for the number represented belowfor the Term or Concept.
Term or Concept
1. Ribosome
2. Mitochondria
3. Nucleus
4. Golgi apparatus
5. Smooth Endoplasmatic Reticulum
6. Membrane
7. Cell Wall
8. Lysosome
9. Chloroplast
10. Cilia
Definition or Association
A. packaging and transport
B. digestion
C. genetic material storage
D. protein assembly
E. structural support
F. lipid production
G. glucose breakdown
H. movement
I. oxygen production
J. contain transport proteins andreceptors
