PHIL 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Dependent And Independent Variables, Naturalistic Observation, Random Assignment
Document Summary
Case study - can be over generalized. Naturalistic observation - real world environment, lack control, might not be totally real when someone is watching. Surveys - aka self report measures, info straight from source, people could lie or exaggerate especially with hard questions, inexpensive, lots of data, quickly, generalized sample for population. Correlational - looking for relationships between / among different variables, cannot show causation, can be 3rd variables. Variables are not manipulated by researcher like they would be in an experiment. Correlation coefficient [r] - measures extent to which variations in one variable are accompanied by increases or decreases in a second variable [need to know how to interpret, but not calculate] Indicates strength and direction of relationship between two variables. Numerical value between 0 and 1, 0 meaning no association. Positive correlation, both things go up [ex. High school gpa to high college gpa] and negative correlation, one goes up while the other goes down.
