BIOL 243 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Electron Transport Chain, Citric Acid Cycle, Coenzyme A
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Document Summary
Glucose (through the mitochondria) gives atp. (you also need oxygen and co2 is a waste product of making atp) Anabolism synthesis of larger energy storage molecules. Aerobic cell respiration the extraction of energy from organic molecules. It takes four steps to break down glucose to form atp glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the krebs cycle, When a molecule is oxidized there is a loss of electron this atom is the reducing agent. When an atom gains an electron it is reduced and this atom is an oxidizing agent. Nad+ is the main electron carrier of cellular respiration. Nadh is nad+ when it is given electrons. (two electrons and a hydrogen normally) it is the reduced state. Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm it starts with glucose. When glycolysis is finished glucose is changed to pyruvate. Starting molecule is glucose 6 carbons are found in glucose.
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Fill in the blank in the following table:
metabolic cycle | location pro/ eukaryote | components | substrates | products | pathway purpose |
embden- meyerhof- parnas (glycolysis) | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | 10 enzymes | |||
pentose phosphate pathway | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | dozen enzyme | 1 Glucose (6 carbon), 1 NADP, 1ATP | 1 Ribose-P (5 carbon) + 1CO2, 1NADPH, or sugars, 1 ADP | Nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for anabolism |
PDH reaction | cytoplasm/ mitochondria matrix | ||||
TCA/ Krebs/ citric acid cycle | generation of high energy electron carriers, provide metabolic precursors | ||||
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (aerobic respiration) | |||||
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (anaerobic respiration) | 1Nitrate or sulfate or CO2, 1NADH + ____ ADP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ADP | N2, or NO2 or H2S or CH4 1NAD + ____ ATP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ATP | Generate proton motive forces abd use to generate ATP regenerate NAD+ | ||
Fermentation | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | 1 or more enzymes (vary by organism) | 1 pyruvate, 1 NADH | 1 alcohol or acid (maybe 1 CO2) NAD+ | Regenerate NAD+ |
1. | Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes? | ||||||||||
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2. | The primary purpose of catabolism is | ||||||||||
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3. | What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast? | ||||||||||
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4. | Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by | ||||||||||
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5. | How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar? | ||||||||||
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6. | The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate | ||||||||||
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7. | Which of the following is the best definition offermentation? | ||||||||||
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8. | A reaction that yields energy has a | ||||||||||
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9. | Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause | ||||||||||
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10. | Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration? | ||||||||||
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