ACCT 301 Lecture 3: Accounting Study Guide Ch 03

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31 Oct 2016

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Study objective 1 - analyze the effect of business transactions on the basic. Accounting equation: transactions, events that must be recorded in the financial statements, events can be divided into two types, external events occur between the company and some outside party. Consider the following facts: 10/1/x1 owner invests ,000 cash in the business, in exchange for ,000 of sierra corporation common stock. Both cash and common stock would increase by ,000. Owner invests cash in business in return for c/s. Note that common stock is always recorded at the number of shares issued x par value. Sierra issued a 3-month, 12%, ,000 note payable to castle bank. This transaction results in an equal increase in assets and liabilities: cash (an asset) increases ,000 and notes payable (a liability) increases ,000. Issued a 3-month 12% note payable to castle bank.

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Cooking with QuickBooks Discussion

Part 1:

Benefits of QuickBooks Software

Who knew how much work it could be to run a restaurant?! You are doing well in your new business and have done a wonderful job exploring the accounting equation, chart of accounts, and recording transactions. Previously, you did some research to find out what QuickBooks is and how it might be helpful in recording business transactions. You will do a bit more research on QuickBooks here to find out what it is capable of, beyond just recording business transactions. Explain to your classmates how QuickBooks might be able to help you with the trial balance and financial statements.

Part 2:

Pay the Cooks

By now, your fictitious restaurant has been up and running for a short time. Hopefully your customers are all going home with a full stomach and a plan to return again soon! You have already looked at how QuickBooks might help you begin to record your business transactions. Explain the five basic steps of transaction analysis. After explaining the steps, walk through the steps for the following transaction: You paid your kitchen cooks $500 in cash for their first week of work.

Record (journalize) transactions in the books) Doherty Tree Cellular, Inc.,
completed the following transactions during April 2012, its first month of operations:

Apr 1	Received $19,800 and issued common stock.
2	Purchased $200 of office supplies on account.
4	Paid $14,300 cash for land to use as a building site.
6	Performed service for customers and received cash of $2,600.
9	Paid $100 on accounts payable.
17	Performed service for UFax on account totaling $1,900.
23	Collected $100 from UFax on account.
30	Paid the following expenses: salary, $1,900; rent, $1,300.

1.Record the transactions in the journal of Doherty Tree Cellular, Inc. Key transactions by date and include an explanation for each entry.

CLASS, LETS TAKE RECORDING STEP 1 STEP FURTHER - THE TRIAL BALANCE

Now that we know what the accounting equation is and we have some experience with Journal Entries.

Letâs review the process and take the recording process one step further.

STEP 1) Analyze transaction: As an actual accountant, we determine if a transaction should be recorded by analyzing source documents.

For example: If the Company makes a sale; they will complete a sales document (or sales
tape is generated). If the Company purchases something a purchase invoice is forwarded to Accounting. There is a different type of source documents for different types of transactions.

Note: as an accountant a large part of the battle is making sure there is a source document for all transactions and that all departments capture and forward these documents to Accounting!

STEP 2) Accounting prepares journal entry: for each transaction based on GAAP. (Mostly using the constraints, assumptions, principles we've discussed: materiality, conservatism, matching, revenue recognition, etc).

The entry is entered into a Journal for those types of Transactions (There is a Sales Journal, A/P Journal for purchases, Payroll journal for payroll related entries, General Journal for misc. entries., etc.

Journal entries are made in the proper form, and include: date, description, indent of credit side of each entry.

STEP 3) The Journal entry is posted to General ledger; which includes all activity for all accounts.

However, the recording process is not over. Letâs talk about the trial balance. Please answer ALL however only post ONE question at a time to allow more to participate.

1) Why do we prepare it?

apricotox859

Paul and Elder (2009) have defined critical thinking as: the art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view to improving it. The authors describe eight Elements of Thought involved in critical thinking:

Purpose (all reasoning has a purpose â goals, objectives)

Question at issue

Assumptions (presuppositions, axioms, line of reasoning, information taken for granted)

Point of View

Information (data, evidence)

Concepts and Theories

Interpretation and Inference (conclusions, solutions)

Implications and Consequences

When defining a subject, Nosich (2012) believes it starts with a âfundamental and powerful conceptâ.

The fundamental and powerful concept of Auditing is âInvestigationâ.

Auditing involves an analysis (or an âinvestigationâ) of the financial statements in order to issue an opinion of whether they are presented fairly in accordance with appropriate standards.

Required: In several paragraphs, answer the following questions.

âInternal Controlsâ are discussed throughout the Auditing course. We will examine various methods of âinvestigatingâ internal controls in order to understand the important role that they play in the Auditing process. Even though it is the very beginning of the course, it is important that you start to form your own definition of internal control. Answer the questions in the prompts below to help you define and describe internal control:

The assumptions of internal control are that in order for a business process to be effective, there must be separation of duties among authorization, custody and recording of transactions. How are those controls put in place in the Sales / Accounts receivable process? To answer this question, discuss how each of those components occurs in each of the following areas (rely on your own experience as a customer and/or the rules of accounting that you already know about how a sales / accounts receivable transaction is supposed to work):

The sale

Shipping

Billing

Collection

As the auditor, how would you determine whether the process is working correctly?

What actions or events would occur if you assume the process is working correctly when it is not?

What actions or events would occur if you assume the process is not working correctly when it is actually doing so?

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ACCT 301 Lecture 3: Accounting Study Guide Ch 03

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