BIO 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Archaea, Organelle, Prokaryote

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Cells are an organism"s basic unit of structure and function. The cell is the lowest level of structure that is capable of performing all the activities of life. For example, the ability of cells to divide is the basis of all reproduction and the basis of growth and repair of multicellular organisms. Understanding how cells work is a major research focus of modern biology. At some point, all cells contain deoxyribonucleic acid, or dna, the heritable material that directs the cell"s activities. Dna is the substance of genes, the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring. Each of us began life as a single cell stocked with dna inherited from our parents. Dna in human cells is organized into chromosomes. Each chromosome has one very long dna molecule, with hundreds or thousands of genes arranged along its length. The dna of chromosomes replicates as a cell prepares to divide.

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