find more resources at oneclass.com Research in Health Psychology  Critical Thinking  "Unscientific" thinking = dangerous  o Belief bias o  We go into a situation with some kind of pre-obtained understanding/thinking of how it works, and we need to distance ourselves from that  Science nowadays fights against this o Inaccurate assumptions o  E.g. swine flu- connecting that term to the disease hurt the pork industry o Deception o  People presenting research may not have the best purpose in mind  Human nature requires that we will fall for things if they're pitched in the right way  Research methods  o Descriptive o  Researchers observe and record participants' behaviors, often forming hypotheses that are later tested more systematically  A good starting point when trying to understand a phenomenon and first start building a hypothesis  Case studies   E.g. Little Albert  Can be intensive and costly  Limited generalizability  Observational   Unstructured (naturalistic observation)  Structured (lab observation)  Surveys   Self-report measures   Open vs. closed-ended questions  Likert scale   Answer 1-7; still closed-ended, but there is more room for diversity within responses  Low cost find more resources at oneclass.com find more resources at oneclass.com  Limited data  Bias can exist in responses   We have to take these answers with a grain of salt  Reveal information about 2 or more variables that may be related   To determine the extent of the relationship, the correlation is calculated  Correlation (r-value) ranges from +1.00 to -1.00  Can be positively or negatively correlated o Experimental o  Studies in which a treatment, procedure, or program is introduced and a result/outcome is observed  Variables   Independent   Introduced to see the effects it produces; manipulates  Dependent   The measurement of those effects  Confounding   "Other factors"; other things going on that might be changing or affecting the result  E.g. sleep study on melatonin where everyone is receiving the exact same treatment- but for half of the subjects the