BIO 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Lipophilicity, Hyperglycemia, Osmotic Concentration
17 Dec 2016
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During filling: the detrusor muscle (main muscle of bladder) is relaxed- allowing the bladder to get bigger (sympathetic innervation, skeletal muscle keeps the bladder closed, after a threshold, the brain causes a reflex and causes micturition. During micturition: the skeletal muscle becomes inhibited, the detrusor muscle becomes stimulated and contracts. Kidneys are connected to the ureters which empty into the bladder. Elimination of metabolic waste products: urea (protein catabolism, uric acid (nucleic acid catabolism, creatinine (muscle phosphocreatine catabolism) Regulation of water and inorganic ion balance: na, k, h, ca. Removal of foreign chemicals: pesticides, drugs, food additives. Secretion of hormones and an enzyme: erythropoietin (stimulates rbc production, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (important for ca homeostasis, renin (an enzyme; controls formation of angiotensin ii which influences blood pressure and. The nephron is the structural and functional unknit of the kidney. It consists of a specialized tubular structure and closely associated blood vessels. (2 locations; cortical nephron; juxtamedullary nephron)
