BIO 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Urinary Bladder, Urinary System, Pyelonephritis
23 Jan 2020
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Two kidneys: kidneys are protects from uti"s, urine itself has microbiotal properties, have used urine to prevent infection. Acidity of urine: mechanical flushing, normal microbiota of the urinary and reproductive systems, urinary bladder and upper urinary tract are sterile, predominant microbes of the vagina: Lactobacilli: produce h2o2 and lactic acid, growth promoted by estrogen. Normal ph of vagina is 3. 8 to 4. 2 prevents a lot of infections: male urethra is usually sterile, bacterial diseases of the urinary system, urethritis. An inflammation of the urinary bladder: pyelonephritis. An inflammation of one or both kidneys: 7 million utis annually, most due to eschericichia coli. 1: leptospirosis, cystitis, commonly caused by e. coli; also staphylococcus saprophyticus, dysuria (difficult or painful urination); pyuria, eight times more common in women than men. Only two inches long in comparison to males: diagnosis: >1000 cfu/ml of potential pathogens and positive leukocyte esterase (le) test, treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, technique used in lab is called midstream clean catch technique.
