BIO 358 Lecture 19: BIO 358 Topic 19

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Topic 19: The bow and the Neolithic “agricultural” revolutions
Notes:
1) The bow and the Neolithic “agricultural” revolutions
a) Summary
i) Second step of staircase: behaviorally modern humans as an effect of the atlatl
b) Today we looking at agricultural Neolithic revolution and a novel weapon that preceded this
c) Looking for
i) increased adaptive sophistication
(1) Inc industrial scale harvesting of food
ii) larger scale of social cooperation (villages or trade)
(1) Larger group of people cooperating
iii) sophisticated tools
(1) Indicate specialization
iv) WHAT CAN BE exchanged can be stolen DON’T FORGET this
(1) Large goods are being traded and shit everydaywe now need everyday protection
(2) Looking for weapon capable of managing COI on the next scale
v) Increased scale of social cooperation and increased adaptive sophistication (BOW)
1) The agricultural revolutions in context
a) Rice, wheat, soy beans, potatoes, corn basically what we eat
i) We can’t survive without them and they can’t survive without us—but how did we get here?
(1) Agricultural revolution
(a) We are arguing that the agricultural revolution is an effect of increased social cooperation
resulting from the BOW (~11k-1k)
2) The bow as a weapon for social coercion
a) Showed home video contrasting bow with atlatl
i) Atlatl easy to make hard to use
(1) Bow is the opposite
b) Bow has a larger effect
c) Australian aborgines
i) Used atlatl
d) We have ethnography of both aborgines and of native americans (used the bow)
i) We can see differencesppl who used bows are mad easy to use (also lethal weapon)
(1) No need to practice the bow compared to atlatl
(a) Led to permanent settlements
(i) Lets us SPECIALIZE
3) Recognizing the weapons and domestication in the archaeological record
a) Points of the arrow are not perishable (rock)
i) Thrusting spear is big, atlatl is medium, arrow heads and now much smaller
b) Teosinte and modern corn
i) No problem recognizing domesticated plants
4) A tour of the Eurasian and North American Neolithic
a) Bow ~14kya
b) Tell: big area of land keeping on accumulating shit (midden)
i) Agriculture are 1000 years after these permanent settlementsinstead, the BOW is at the very
bottom
c) Wheat, barley, rye, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs
d) Evidence shows bow permanent settlements domestication
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