PSY 322 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, Likelihood Principle
Document Summary
Involves a process like reasoning or problem solving. Inverse projection problem: task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on the retina. Light from an object is inverted in the retina. The same pattern of light could be caused by numerous different objects brains are able to correctly interpret. Bottom-up processing: perception can be created by piecing together individual, elementary features recognition occurs. Top-down processing: people actively construct perceptions using information based on expectations/past experiences. Speech segmentation: knowledge of a language allows one to understand when one word ends and when another begins: people who speak a different language can receive identical sound stimuli and perceive differently. Helmholtz"s theory of unconscious inference (~1860: top-down theory that states we make unconscious assumptions about the environment based on past experiences, likelihood principle: perceive the object that is most likely to have caused patterns of stimuli received.
