BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Vascular Tissue, Paraphyly, Tiktaalik

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5 hwe assumptions lg. pop. size: no immigration/emigration, no genetic mutation, no natural selection, random mating. Deleterious alleles=bad alleles: stay in pop. by: Rec refuge: masked by dom allele; not exp. Heterozygote advantage: both alleles maintained in pop. (ex: sickle-cell anemia) Clades: monophyletic: ancestor + all of its descendants, polyphyletic: > 1 ancestor, paraphyletic: ancestor + some of its descendants. 7 sources of evidence of evolution fossil record: archaeopteryx and tiktaalik: biogeography: geographic isolation inc rate of evo, homology=same structure, diff. fxn, vestigial traits, dev. similarities, molec. genetics, observation of evo. change. Finch simulations: beak depth inc, selection pressure inc, beak depth dec in dry enviro. , inc in wet enviro. Parenchyma: bulk of plant body; rows of polyhedral cells; primary cells in pith of herbaceous stems and roots and spongy and palisade layers of leaves. Collenchyma: supportive tissue; supports actively growing shoot and root tips; uneven cell walls stretch as plant grows.

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