COMM 350 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Public Sphere, Frankfurt School, Mass Society

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Background/history: who drafted this theory, key theoretical approach, why/what purpose. Analysis of reading: key arguments and ideas about theory. Brief illustration: to clarify discussion of theory. Modernity: developments associated with shift from communal, agrarian pre-modern to individualistic, rational- based modern culture. Mass culture: based on mass production and standardization the debases culture. Minority culture: elite, high culture separate from mass produced culture. Reproduction: re-creation and transmission of art and objects of tradition for mass public. Aura: originally and authenticity in a work of art that has not been reproduced. Concerned with political questions of mass society and culture: media seen as expressing low culture. Critique/extension of mass culture theory: recognizing shift of intellectuals (new mass culture) supplanting the influence of the bourgeois/middle class (minority culture) Public sphere: private citizens engaged in critical political public debate from culture: public sphere as a concept, theory, ideal and a discourse. Principals of public sphere point towards structural transformation over time through public discourse.

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