COMM 407 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Antifeminism, Liberal Feminism, Postfeminism

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Jan 22, 2018
Ch. 5.3: Framing Feminism
-Personal Identity and Societal Systems
· Privilege
o A term that helps us understand the systematic nature of gender and race
o The way our society is structured to benefit other groups over others. This doesn’t
mean one always succeeds, one can struggle and also be privileged. However the
system can still be privilege to benefit one group over another. It smooth’s the path for
one group while making it harder for another group.
o The trash can/chair example. You have a higher chance of getting the paper ball in
the trash can from the front but you’re not 100% guaranteed. However you have a higher
chance than someone who is way in the back of the class.
· Positionality
o Relates to privilege by recognizing we all embody different positions in our society.
Gender, race, sexuality, class, religion, etc. these all make up our identity.
· Intersectionality
o Relates to privilege by recognizing the way that some of our experiences can only be
recognized through intersectionality.
-Feminism 101
· the idea of feminism is that woman and men should be equal.
· The idea of gender justice, some remedies should be made to address the oppressions
woman have encountered. Ex: someone may advocate for equal wages and woman should be
back paid.
· FIRST WAVE 1850-1920’s
o The push for woman’s suffrage- getting them the right to vote
o Woman being able to own their own property, bank accounts, money, etc.
o 19th amendment gives woman the right to vote
· SECOND WAVE 1950-1980’s
o Harder to define the end of the second wave.
o Most associated with arguing for woman’s equality in institutions like the workplace
and schools.
§ Changing policies, institutions, etc.
§
· THIRD WAVE 1990s-now
o Mostly concerned with issues of diversity and intersexuality
o Focused on being more inclusive, the defining term is intersexuality and making
efforts to be more inclusive in terms of race, gender identity, religion, etc.
o Seen as much more savvy with online media
o Giving woman the freedom to look however the please (not having to wear makeup,
allowed to wear pants) and not having the expectation to conform to how woman
“should” look
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o The idea that we weren’t originally concerned with policy because we thought it was
over with and equal, however it is far from it. Ex: Woman are still not being elected in
government.
· Two Broad Categories of Feminism
o Liberal feminism:
§ Argue that men and woman should be treated equal in every way possible and
in all institutions
o Cultural Feminism:
§ Believe that men and woman have their separate spheres and should focus on
being successful in those spheres. They believe that woman and men are
fundamentally different so it makes it difficult for them to be treated equally,
however they believe that woman should be appreciated for their own spheres.
They believe that feminism means men should appreciate and recognize the
things woman do separate from men They're NOT anti feminist, they just believe
it differently. Main argument is about the separate spheres.
· Anti-feminism and Post-feminism
o Anti-feminism
§ Believes that feminism is hurtful to woman. They don’t just believe that men
and woman have separate spheres, but they also believe that men are superior
and should be in charge of everything.
§ Expectations of men paying for everything and being the ones drafted in the
military
o JANUARY 24, 2018, ch. cont.
o Post-feminism
§ Starts to get attention in the mid-late 90’s
§ The belief that feminism (specifically the second wave) achieved everything it
needed to achieve so we don’t need to focus on it anymore, we’re past feminism.
So we no longer need it politically or as an idea.
§ Ex: Girl Boss by Sophia A
· Male feminist
o Men can be feminist when they commit to feminist ideas, such as achieving gender
equality.
o A lot of times men are resistant to hearing ideas from woman, so when a man talks
about feminism other men are more willing to listen.
· Enlightened sexism
o Men more likely asking women in the workplace to take notes, or get them coffee over
asking other men.
o Celebrating women who are more nurturing or submissive
o On one hand they are acknowledging women however at the same time they're being
very hostile.
· Feminism as a struggle to end sexist oppression
o Bell Hooks
o Diverse social and political realities
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o Collective experiences over lifestyle or identity
· Sex
o Refers to the biological assignment of whether you’re male or female based on your
sex organs and genitals.
· Gender
o Socially constructed.
o The set of behaviors that we expect from people to fit into a certain gender.
o As a society we have decided that woman do this and men do this.
o For most people their gender matches their sex.
· Gender role
o What is expected of your gender.
o Comes down to the clothes you wear and the career you have.
o Whether you wear makeup, how you do your hair, etc.
o Gender roles are beginning to become more relaxed as time goes on.
o What we as a society decide fits.
· Transgender
o When your gender identity does not match the sex assigned to you at birth
o Trans=change
o Transgender should always be used as an adjective, not a noun.
· Cisgender
o Your gender identity does match the sex you were assigned at birth
o Cis=same
-Media Framing
· News frames function to suggest how audiences can interpret an issue or event
· A frame suggests to an audience how they should interpret an event. You choose the frame.
· Framing occurs when a news organization choosing to focus on one frame over others.
o People make decisions about how they're going to talk about an issue.
· Framing is not necessarily an argument in favor of one position
· There tend to be patterns in how an issue is framed
o Ex: when a young man in college sexually assaults a woman, there are two different
media frames…one says that poor male student who had such a bright future and how
unfortunate it is for him… while another frame will focus on the female and how wrong
sexual assault is and how wrong that male student is.
January 29, 2018
Gender Binary, Ch. 8.4
-Gender Binary
· Societal division of people into two, and only two, genders (male and female).
o Ex: when your mom makes you wear a dress and a big bow but you don’t want to, she
wants you to look girly, by doing this she’s trying to make you fit into a binary.
o Along with this division is the privileging of one sex/gender over the other
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Document Summary

Privilege: a term that helps us understand the systematic nature of gender and race, the way our society is structured to benefit other groups over others. This doesn"t mean one always succeeds, one can struggle and also be privileged. However the system can still be privilege to benefit one group over another. It smooth"s the path for one group while making it harder for another group: the trash can/chair example. You have a higher chance of getting the paper ball in the trash can from the front but you"re not 100% guaranteed. However you have a higher chance than someone who is way in the back of the class. Positionality: relates to privilege by recognizing we all embody different positions in our society. Gender, race, sexuality, class, religion, etc. these all make up our identity. Intersectionality: relates to privilege by recognizing the way that some of our experiences can only be recognized through intersectionality.

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