ANT 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Allele Frequency, Genetic Drift, Population Genetics
Document Summary
Evolution: a two stage process: the production and distribution of variation, natural selection. Population: members of the same species that regularly mate with each other and exchange alleles. Share a gene pool: all genes present in one population. Genome: all genes present in one person. Different populations usually have differing allele frequencies; thus, populations are often phenotypically different. The forces of evolution (factors that cause changes in gene frequencies) Hardy-weinberg equilibrium: mathematical model that explains the distribution of genes in the populations. Demonstrates that gene frequencies will not change unless selection acts on them. In a population, let p equal the frequency of allele a, and q equal the frequency of allele b p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. No selection: selection does not operate directly on genotypes, but on phenotypes (aa will survive, strength and direction of selection heavily dependent on environment. Two genes/loci; each with two alleles with equal frequency.
