BIOL 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Sister Chromatids, Ploidy, Y Chromosome

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14 Mar 2018

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Stages of meiosis: meiosis i, prophase i, metaphase i, anaphase i, telophase i, no interphase ii. Random alignment of maternal and paternal chromosomes: during transition between prophase i and metaphase i, microtubules from spindle poles attach to kinetochores of chromosomes. Initial contacts between microtubules and chromosomes are random this is extremely important and allows mixing and maternal and paternal alleles of genes during meiosis i: maternal and paternal genes are passed on to offspring via meiosis. Crossing over during meiosis i (prophase i: each chromosome becomes zippered to its homologue, all four chromatids are closely aligned and form a chiasma, non-sister chromosomes exchange segments, occurs during prophase i of meiosis i. Human y chromosome and crossing over: fewer than two dozen genes identified, one is the master gene for male sex determination called the sry gene (sex-determining region of y)

Related Questions

31.????? interphase A. cytoplasm divided between the two daughter cells

32.????? chromosomenumber B. final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei form

33.????? chromatid C. sum total of chromosomes in all cells of a given

type

34.????? cytokinesis D. chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle

begins to form

35.????? metaphase E. chromosomes line up at spindle equator

36.????? alleles F. sister chromatids separate, move to opposite

spindle poles now

37.????? prophase G. none between meiosis I and II

38.????? telophase H. half of a chromosome in prophase

39. ????? anaphase I. different molecular forms of the same gene

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ultramarineporpoise990

-Complete the following sentences: metaphase of mitosis, prophase II of meiosis, crossing over, anaphase I of meiosis, variable, random fertilization, identical, random orientation, metaphase I of meiosis, prophase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, reduction division

Two processes that occur during meiosis produce genetically ____________ cells.

In a process called ____________ , paired homologous chromosomes align randomly at the cell equator. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

In a process called ____________ , genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

-Complete the following paragraph to describe nondisjunction and the resulting effects on chromosome number.

words: euploidy, primary nondisjunction, nomal, nondisjunction, secondary nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes, abnormal, trisomy, monosomy, sister chromatids, aneuploid

1.During meiosis I, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

2.During meiosis II, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

3.During meiosis I, if both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, ____________ is said to occur and no normal gametes are produced.

4.During meiosis II, if the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete, ____________ is said to occur. Half the gametes are aneuploid while the other half are euploid.

5.If an egg that contains 24 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

6.If an egg that contains 22 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

Part A- Microtubules. Select all that apply.

1) They are filaments in mitotic and meiotic spindles

2) They are required for moving sister chromatids to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis.

3) They are required for moving homologs to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase I of meiosis.

4) They are important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

6) They are a layered structue located between paired homologs in prophase I of meiosis in many organisms.

Part B- Cyclin-dependent kinases. Select all that apply.

1) They are filaments in mitotic and meiotic spindles.

2) They are enzymes that control progression through cell cycle.

3) They are required for the segregation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis.

4) They are important for homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

Part C- Kinetochores. Select all that apply.

1) They are enzymes that control progression through cell cycle.

2) They are important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

3) They are required for the segregation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis.

4) They are complx structures attached to the centromeres of chromosomes that bind to spindle microtubules.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

Part D- Synaptonemal complex. Select all that apply.

1) It is required for moving sister chromatids to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis.

2) It is a layered structure located between paired homologs in prophase I of meiosis in many organisms.

3) It is complex structures attached to the centromeres of chromosomes that bind to spindle microtubules.

4) It catalyzes the phospohorylation of specific proteins.

5) It is important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

BIOL 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Sister Chromatids, Ploidy, Y Chromosome

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