BIOL 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Chemical Polarity, Hydrogen Bond, Chemical Bond

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Biol 1001 notes lecture 3 atoms and bonds. What determines whether atoms will interact: chemical bonding = interactions of electrons, the number and arrangement of electrons determines chemical bonding, most electron shells need eight electrons, the first shells needs just two electrons. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than protons, then it is called an ion. Electron vacancies: unfilled shells make atoms likely to react, an atom of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen all have vacancies, ammonia is nh . Electron orbitals are like steps: first level or second level, nothing in between. As atoms get bigger, they have more protons and electrons but they still hold together. Covalent bonding: atoms share a pair or pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell, sharing can be equal or unequal, singe covalent bond, double valet bond, triple covalent bond, h2 forms a single covalent bond. Ionic = full charges: polar covalent = partial charges, non polar covalent = electronically symmetrical.

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