THRC 2103
Chapter 1
Therapeutic Recreation: the purposeful utilization or enhancement of leisure as a way to
maximize a person’s overall health, wellbeing, or quality of life.
A treatment service designed to restore, remediate and rehabilitate a person’s level of
functioning and independence in life activities, to promote health and wellness as well as
reduce or eliminate the activity limitations and restrictions to participation in life
situations caused by an illness or disabling condition.
Recreation Therapy
• Often used interchangeably with the term therapeutic recreation
• A specific form of therapeutic recreation
• Used to improve functional abilities
• Different in that therapeutic recreation is the utilization and enhancement of
leisure
Therapeutic Recreation Intervention
• Outcomes grounded in a leisure context
• Inherent, not always immediate
• Direct
Intervention must be purposeful
• Goals and objectives: based on what the CLIENT wants
• Evaluation: always adapting/changing during the intervention to see if goals are
reached
Not all outcomedriven interventions are therapeutic recreation
Not all leisure activities are therapeutic recreation
Therapeutic recreation must be purposely developed and delivered
• Give clients freedom and control their choice!
• Choose activities based on treatment goals
Diverse profession
Dynamic evolving mix
• Perspectives
• Thought
• Theories (borrowed or original)
• Unique interventions and services
Large potential for growth
• Field of therapeutic recreation
• Professional growthmove up positions easily
• It is quite possible that you can create a new job in a place you are interested in
working
Opportunities for flexible application
Diverse settings and advanced degrees Community and administrative positions
Variety of occupations so much you can do with it!
References to Therapeutic Recreation
• Eclectic in nature a combination of many things
• A strengthbased approach to solving problemslook and identify someone’s
abilities in order to improved their lives
• Unique in using nonwork, nonobligated time leisure is usually done in our “free
time”
• Mix of philosophy, psychology, the arts, and physical and occupational therapy
techniques
•
Choosing a Profession
Want to help others
Interested in physical or psychological processes
Know someone with a disability
Interested in a therapy oriented degree
Interested in social justice, aging, or health and wellness
know someone studying TR
Personality for the job
Commitment Compassion Forethought
Understanding and assertiveness Multitasking Responsibility
A willingness to engage others Flexibility Communication
The ability to carry out a process The ability to organize experiences
• It is a people profession!
Settings
Veterans administration
Schools
Community recreation
Residential day camps
Hospital or rehabilitation centers
Prisons and detention centers
Assistedliving and nursing homes
Athletic training centers
Chapter 3: Professional Ethics in TR/RT
TR is a profession
Career: an occupation or profession followed as a life’s work
Job: a regular remunerative position (paid for completion of tasks)
Profession: efforts directed towards service rather than only remuneration; a person’s
profession is a personal choice and reflects his/her personality, creativity, interests &
goals
Characteristics of a Profession
Body of knowledge Professional development
Professional authority
Professional credentialing
Code of ethics
History: lack of enforcement of ethics
e.g. 399 African American men had syphilis, they were unaware so they did not receive
treatment ▯ penicillin
Today there are many rules and regulations
American Therapeutic Recreation Association code of ethics
• Used a guide for promoting and maintaining the highest standards of ethical
behavior. The Code applies to all TR/RT assistants and TR/RT students, after
accepting this code of ethics a member agrees to adhere to these principles
Principle 1: Beneficence
Treat people served in an ethical manner by making efforts to provide for their well
being
Maximizing possible benefits and relieving, lessening, or minimizing possible harm.
Protection of harm, do no harm
Principle 2: NonMaleficence
RT personnel have an obligation to use knowledge skills, abilities and judgment to help
people while respecting their decision and protecting them from harm.
e.g. you have a client that talks about sex but family asks you to not, your job is the
client, but keep them families values in conversation
Principle 3: Autonomy
RT personnel have a duty to preserve and protect the right of each individual to make
his/her own choices. Each individual is to be given the opportunity to determine his/her
own course of action in accordance with a plan freely chosen. In the case of individuals
who are unable to exercise autonomy with regard to their care, RT have a the duty to
respect the decisions of their legally appointed guardian/advocate
Principle 4: Justice
RT personnel are responsible for insuring that individuals are served fairly and that there
is equity in the distribution of services. Individuals should receive services without regard
to race, color, and creed, gender, sexual orientation, age, and disability/ disease, social
and financial status▯being fair
Principle 5: Fidelity
RT have an obligation, first and foremost, to be loyal, faithful, and meet commitments
mad to persons receiving services. In addition, RT personnel have a secondary obligation
to colleagues, agencies, and the profession.
Principle 6: Veracity
RT personnel shall be truthful and honest. Deception, by being dishonest and omitting
what is true, should ALWAYS be avoided.
Principle 7: Informed Consent
Provide services characterized by mutual respect and shared decisionmaking. These
personnel are responsible for providing each individual receiving service with
information regarding the service, benefits, outcomes, length of treatment, expected
activities and limitations, including the professional’s training and credentials. Informed
consent is obtained when information needed to make a reasoned is provided by the professional to competent persons seeking services who then decide whether or not to
accept the treatment
Principle 8: Confidentiality and Privacy
FINISH
Principle 9: Competence
RT have the responsibility to maintain and improve their knowledge related to the
profession and demonstrate current, competent practice to people served. In addition,
personnel have an obligation to maintain their credential.
Principle 10: Compliance with Laws and Regulations
Responsible for complying with local, state, and federal laws, regulations and ATRA
policies governing the profession of recreational therapy.
Screening within Evaluation/ Treatment
Suicide
Abuse: child, spousal, elder~physical abuse, neglect/abandonment,
psychological/emotional abuse, sexual abuse.
Suicidal Ideation
beware of depressed mood followed by immediate joy, sentiments
**weapons, suicidal weapons, pills, ASK! Do NOT ignore.
1. When did they last have the thought?
2. How often does he/she think about killing himself/herself?
3. How comforting are these thoughts to them?
4. Previous suicide attempt?
5. Does she/he now have a plan to kill her/himself?
6. Can they carry out the plan?
Express that you are glad they confided in you, tell them they are NOT alone, and there
is help available
Working in inpatient facility with a health professional team and the person expresses
intent and a plan, and has access to a plan
• Stop therapy
• Go talk to someone together
If they do not have access to a plan
• Use judgment to decide whether it is better to continue or stop therapy. Share
concerns, ask if they are willing to speak to someone else about feelings
• Following session get help and create a plan
Practicing independently with someone who has a plan
• Stop session/therapy
• Explain person you can talk to someone with them
• Call office of mental help for evaluation
Practicing independently with someone who does not have a plan
• Ask if there is someone you can contact
• If person says yes call the person and explain, if they say no you continue to
check up on them Document!!!! It is required by law
Abuse
Common categories of abuse:
• Child abuse
• Spousal/partner abuse
• Elder abuse
Common forms of abuse:
• Physical abuse
• Neglect/abandonment
• Psychological/emotional abuse
• Sexual abuse
You are mandated to report it
• Child anonymous
• Adult cannot be anonymous
• Spousal/partner abuse, make information available to them, talk to them, adults
can make their own decisions, can call police if you witness it
TR treatment modalities
Recreation or other activities used to help clients meet therapeutic goals
Common Modalities
• Games
• Exercise
• Parties
• Arts&crafts
• Community reintegration activities
• Sports
• Music
• Problemsolving activities
• Selfesteem activities
• Activities of daily living
Different modalities are appropriate for different populations
TR specialists must identify potential modalities, ensure that they are appropriate for
client goals, and implement them in a competent manner
Common Modalities in Rehabilitation
Community reintegration: get people to go out and do things in the community
e.g. going for ice cream
Games
Arts and Crafts: with the use of adaptive equipment if necessary
Problem solving
Exercise
Common Modalities in Mental Health
Games Selfesteem experiences: to lessen the impact of their disability, rather than them
isolating themselves
Problem Solving
Exercise: releases stress and endorphins
Arts&crafts
Common Modalities for Older Adults
Music
Parties
Games
Exercise
Arts&crafts
Activities vs. Modalities
Participation vs. Purpose
Jenga: concentration, cognitive, physical
Geocaching: problemsolving, navigating environment
Chess: fine motor, strategy
UNO: match colors, speaking up
Intervention in something specific
February 11, 2014
Practice Models
Purpose
• Help define the scope of practice
• How services are delivered (process)
• Outcomes of services (content) ▯ what to expect
• Direct therapists in service delivery
Leisure and Recreation
Health outcome
• HPHP ▯ Health Protection/Health Promotion
• TR Outcomes Model
• Optimizing Health through TR
• Leisure and wellbeing
Leisure outcome
• LAM ▯ Leisure Ability Model
Functional Improvement Outcome
• Selfdetermination & Enjoyment Enhancement
Nonspecific
• TRAM
Considered within the WHO scope: International Classification of Functioning,
Disability, and Health
Body function and structures Activities
Environmental factors
Personal factors
Participation
Health condition (disorder and disease)
Societal Context
Individuals with disabilities are active ▯expectations
Accessibility
Health expectations ▯ shift from medical model
Multicultural society
Leisure ability model:
Functional intervention, leisure education, recreation participation
HPHP:
Prescriptive activities, recreation, leisure ▯ self direction
• Goal: client achieves highest level of health
• People have a stabilizing tendency when something at health is at risk
TR Outcome model:
• Functional capacity/potential
• Health status/wellness
• Quality of life
Meant to be combined with TR service delivery model
Holistic approach
3 components: scope, nature of services, and nature of RT/client interaction
SelfDetermination & Enjoyment Enhancement model
Purpose of RT: supporting participants in achieving the goals of SD and enjoyment and,
ultimately, functional improvement
6 components (outcomes) selfdetermination, intrinsic motivation, perception of
manageable challenge, investment of attention, enjoyment functional improvement
TRAM
Provides direction for designing the accountability and documentation tasks in service
delivery
Aid the RT to conceptualize the connections between different tasks in the delivery of
services to clients
Understand the relationship between program input factors and output factors
More about if you are in CHARGE of a facility
PURPOSE
Look at needs of clients; what outcome would we like for them
Purpose of agency I am working for
Provide an outline, which guide the implementation of interventions
Theoretical basis
Continued consider the contextual factors Ecological perspective
Chapter 6
The TR process, APIE
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Assessment:
Overviewing the situation
Observing
Purpose: gather client information
Determine overall program effectiveness
Communicate with other professionals
Meet requirements for assessment by administrators and external agencies
CMS (centers for Medicare and Medicaid services)
CARF (commission on accreditation of rehabilitation facilities)
JACHO (joint commission on the accreditation of healthcare organizations
Reviewing existing documents
Standardized assessments
Interviewing
Observation
Existing documents
Intake assessment re
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