STRC 2111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Theory Z, Theory X And Theory Y, Jargon
2 May 2018
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• Five Organizational Theories
◦ What is the role of the manager?
▪ Scientific Management
▪ Human Relations
▪ Human Resources
◦ How does an organization create a productive culture?
▪ Organizational Culture
◦ How do organizations make decisions in times of change?
▪ Information Systems Theory
• Scientific Management
◦ Characteristics
▪ Emerged during 19th to 20th Century
▪ Earliest attempt to theorize the role of management
▪ Organization as machine: Factory, machine
▪ Specialized, standardized, predictable output
▪ Process is more important than the individual
▪ Manager as general
▪ Purpose of Communication: Increase productivity
◦ Historical Example: Henri Fayol’s Operational Management
▪ Managers are responsible for strategic planning and coordinating
tasks/resources
▪ Principles of Management
▪ Division of labor: Single, specialized function
▪ Scalar Chain: Vertical hierarchy of authority
▪ Unity of Command: Orders form one manager
▪ Span of control: Optimal number of subordinates
▪ Concept: There’s a best number of people to manage
▪ Authority and responsibility
◦ Contemporary Example: Theory X (1950s-60s)
▪ Employees are a problem and need close supervision
▪ Employees are:
▪ Unmotivated
▪ Resist change
▪ Avoid responsibility
▪ Apathetic toward org. goals
◦ Workers need a general
◦ External motivation: Threats and Fear
• How do managers motivate employees?
◦ Camaraderie, peer motivation
◦ Desire to do a good job
◦ Encouraged and recognized
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