BIOL 190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Near-Sightedness, Nuclear Meltdown, Genetic Drift

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8 Dec 2015

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Biol 190 study guide for unit 6 exam. The exponential growth of a population shows a j curve and the population is growing until it reaches the maximal growth rate and the population is increasing by a multiplying factor each year. The ecological footprint is the area of land by individual or nation globally to produce all needed resources and absorb all waste and it differs by individual and by nation. The ecological capacity or biocapactiy is the resource base for each nation or globally and it"s the area of productive land. The relationship between footprint to earth"s carrying capacity for humans is that the collective (global) human footprint must be ecological capacity for our population to remain below or at carrying capacity. And once these resources become extinct, we will no longer have these items for our use anymore and will have to look for other resources.

Related Questions

Question :Mutations that cause sickness and/or death after reproduction has occurred:

Question 1

options: can be passed on to future generations.

will not be passed on to future generations. are unlikely to occur.

are only passed on to future generations in species that have short life spans.

Question 2

In a population exhibiting logistic growth, what happens when the carrying capacity is exceeded?

Question 2 options:

The growth rate becomes zero until the population is back within the carrying capacity.

The growth rate becomes negative until the population is back within the carrying capacity.

The population crashes and becomes extinct.

The population's fertility drops to zero.

Question 3 How does exponential growth differ from logistic growth?

Question 3 options:

Logistic growth models take the population's age structure into account.

Long-term exponential growth is more commonly observed than long-term logistic growth in nature.

The logistic model of growth incorporates environmental limitations on population size.

Logistic growth generally comes with infinite expansion.

Question 4 Density-dependent and density-independent growth factors influence the size of a population by causing changes in the:

Question 4 options:

death rate and pattern of dispersion.

birth rate and death rate.

age structure and birth rate.

carrying capacity and age structure.

Question 5 The life history of an organism does not include the organism's

Question 5 options:

reproduction

All of these are included in an organism's life history.

death

birth

PLEASE ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM CORRECTLY. I appreciate it.

1. A) Describe what SexualSelection is and B) explain how it differs fromNatural Selection

2. Research a behavior in an animal andA) explain the ultimate causes of that behaviorand B) list the proximate causes of it.

3. âThe southern gastric broodingfrog was discovered in 1972 and properly described in 1981. Intenseinterest followed and in the same year it had disappeared in thewild, shortly followed by the last captive specimen's death in1983. The interest was primarily due to the frog's unusualreproductive method. The female swallows her eggs and turns herstomach into a womb, vomiting up her young when they are grown. Theloss of her stomach means she doesn't eat while they develop, andher new womb bloats so much it causes her lungs to collapse(meaning she has to breathe through her skin). On the other handanother species of frog, the TÃºngara frog, lay their eggs in a pondand leaves them to develop on their own without any parental careâ(www.facebook.com/evolutionarybiology - like). A)Compare the gastric brooding frog and the TÃºngara in terms of howthey balance the trade-off of quality vs. quantity of offspring(are they each K-selected or r-selected?). B) Whatother life-history traits (include: life span, number of offspringproduced, age at reproduction, reproductive events per lifetime) doyou expect to find differences between gastric brooding frog or theTÃºngara frog? Explain.

4. A) Explain why one can argue that humanswere K-selected species before the industrial revolution and now inmodern times see to be r-selected (in your explanation include theterms: carrying capacity, rate of population growth).B) However, in developed countries, the number ofoffspring produced per couple is decreasing every year, the age offirst time mothers in increasing (they are older when they havetheir first baby) and the cost of investment per offspring isincreasing (for example college tuition!). Explain what effectwould that have in the model of population growth in developedcountries (do you expect them to be more K-selected or r-selected?)Make sure to support your argument. C)Can human population increase forever? (use the terms: carryingcapacity, population growth, density-dependent anddensity-independent factors).

5. Study the figure below (published in Kwanoet al. 2002). The x-axis of the figure shows different locations atdifferent altitudes, with altitude decreasing from left to right(W. Java has the highest altitude, W. Mindanao has the lowest). They-axis represents the range of body length for beetles found ateach location. Two species of closely related rhinoceros beetlesinhabit Southeast Asia: Chalcosoma caucasus andChalcosoma atlas. One species, C. atlas (whiteboxes in the figure), is more common in low altitude, while C.caucasus (filled boxes in the figure) is more common in higheraltitudes. However, they overlap at intermediate altitude (fromLampung to E. Thailand). The graph shows the body length of eachspecies in allopatric and sympatric locations. What ecologicalphenomenon can explain the differences between the allopatric (whenonly one species lives in that location) and sympatric (when bothspecies live in the same location) populations? Please explain yourargument, you MUST include the terms: competition, competitiveexclusion, realized niche, fundamental niche, resource-partitioning& character displacement).

ivorytermite127

rewrite these information to be like your own world..

Factors such as the timing of conception, sexual position usedand types of food eaten while pregnant were said by some to affectthe sex of a baby. It was not until the 1970s, however, thatscientific methods began to be developed for selectinggender.
One example of such technology is the Ericsson method, which wasdeveloped by Ronald Ericsson in 1975 and continues to be used atclinics today. In the Ericsson method, sperm are placed in a testtube filled with viscous fluid. Since male-producing Y-chromosomesperm swim faster than female-producing X-chromosome sperm, theycan be separated from each other based on their positions in thetest tube and then used for insemination. The Ericsson method isinexpensive, but its success rate is debated, with detractorssaying it has no more than a 50% chance of producing the desiredgender.
Another technique, flow cytometry, began as a means of selectingthe sex of farm animals. It was applied to humans beginning in1995. That method, used by the company MicroSort, a division of theGenetics and IVF Institute, sorts X and Y sperm by staining themwith fluorescent dye. Because of differences in the amount of DNAcontained in the two types of sperm, the dye glows more brightly onX sperm than on Y sperm, allowing equipment to separate them basedon their level of fluorescence. Sperm of the desired type is thenused to impregnate the woman through artificial insemination.
The MicroSort procedure costs several thousand dollars, andaccording to the company, is accurate roughly 75% of the time inselecting boys and around 90% of the time in selecting girls. TheFood and Drug Administration is currently conducting a study ofbabies born through use of the method to determine whether theyhave an unusual number of birth defects.
third technique uses in-vitro fertilization (IVF), mixing parents'sperm and eggs to create embryos in laboratories. In a processknown as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), cells are thentaken from the embryos to determine gender, and those of thedesired gender are implanted in the woman's uterus. In-vitrofertilization is already used to help infertile couples havechildren, and laboratories use PGD to screen for genetic diseasesin accordance with that purpose.

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BIOL 190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Near-Sightedness, Nuclear Meltdown, Genetic Drift

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