CJ 280 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Null Hypothesis, Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill, Ceteris Paribus
18 Mar 2017
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Ethos emotion: emotion is needed in arguments, in science, it is more fact based but emotion is needed and used too. Pathos character: guest speakers and authority matter. Logos logic: all a"s are b"s or just more of the same. We argue because it matters, we care about the outcome, and the outcome could be otherwise from our own idea. Science has 4 key types: exploration, description, explanation, application. Arguments take on key elements and basic structures: elements: ethos, pathos, logos, structures: inductive vs. deductive. Finding stasis: what matters more, agree to disagree, ex: references, language, evidence. Categorical syllogism: the base of deductive reasoning, a=b, b=c, therefore a=c, key point: we don"t actually know anything new. Inductive reasoning: more of the same argument, trading some certainty for some new information, ex: the sun has risen every day for the past week, so it will probably rise tomorrow.
