GEO 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Conchoidal Fracture, Specific Gravity, Standard Scale
2 May 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Neutron- no charge: atomic number- the number of protons in an atom. An element is defined by the number of protons: atomic weight- the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom. Strength of bond varies (like glue: ionic- metal atoms give electrons to nonmetal atoms resulting in oppositely charged atoms (ions) that bond/stick together. Fairly weak bond in solids: covalent- nonmetal atoms that share electrons are hence bonded together. Strong bonds: metallic- electro(cid:374)s for(cid:373) (cid:862)sea(cid:863) arou(cid:374)d positi(cid:448)el(cid:455) charged ato(cid:373)ic (cid:374)uclei, electro(cid:374)s move freely. Can be described with a chemical formula. Most inorganic (31 minerals are related to organic processes) Internal crystal structure dictates shape of unobstructed crystal: polymorph- minerals with the same chemical composition but different crystal structure (ex. Anhedral- a crystal growing in a confined space (think of an ant being small, just like grains in an anhedral: minerals can be destroyed by melting, dissolving, or some other chemical reaction.
