PY 355 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Statistical Inference, Behavioural Sciences, Nomothetic
29 Nov 2016
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Different approaches: nomothetic approach: aims to establish general principles and broad generalizations that apply across individuals idiographic approach: aims to describe, analyze, and explain the behavior of individuals. Two types of single-case studies: single-case experimental designs, case studies. Criticisms of group designs and analyses: error variance. Averaging across participants provides a more accurate estimate of a (cid:448)aria(cid:271)le"s general effe(cid:272)t. Group designs allow us to estimate the amount of error variance in our data single-case argument. Error variance is partly created by averaging over participants in a group design (interparticipant variance) this intraparticipant variance is important to understand resear(cid:272)hers using group designs ignore the (cid:862)real(cid:863) error (cid:448)arian(cid:272)e (cid:449)ithin the participant: generalizability. Averaging the scores of several participants reduces the idiosyncratic responses of any one participant to show the general effect single-case argument. Averaging responses may not accurately describe any particular parti(cid:272)ipant"s responses reliability. Behavior is measured (a) independent variable is measured (b)
